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Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease Flashcards (view source)

Revision as of 09:12, 25 August 2011

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<FlashCard questions="14">
 
<FlashCard questions="14">
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|q1=What is Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease also commonly known as?
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|q1=What is Chicken anaemia virus disease (CAV) also commonly known as?
 
|a1=
 
|a1=
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*''Chicken anaemia''
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*Chicken anaemia
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*''Chicken infectious anaemia''
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*Chicken infectious anaemia
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*''Blue wing disease''
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*Blue wing disease
 
|l1=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l1=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q2=Which virus causes ''Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease'' and what are it's properties?
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|q2=What are the virus properties?
 
|a2=
 
|a2=
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''Chicken anaemia virus'' (CAV):
   
*Non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus
 
*Non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus
 
*23-25 nm diameter
 
*23-25 nm diameter
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*Morphologically and antigenically different to other circoviruses such as ''Porcine circovirus'' (PCV) and ''Psittacine beak and feather disease virus'' (PBFDV).  
 
*Morphologically and antigenically different to other circoviruses such as ''Porcine circovirus'' (PCV) and ''Psittacine beak and feather disease virus'' (PBFDV).  
 
|l2=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l2=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q3=What family does the ''Chicken anaemia virus'' (CAV) belong to?
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|q3=What family does CAV belong to?
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|a3=''Circoviridae''
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|a3=Circoviridae
 
|l3=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l3=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|q4=What chemicals destroy the virus?
 
|q4=What chemicals destroy the virus?
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*Hypochlorite and iodophor (formalin only reduces its infectivity).  
 
*Hypochlorite and iodophor (formalin only reduces its infectivity).  
 
|l4=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l4=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q5=How many proteins does CAV produce?
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|q5=Is Chicken anaemia virus disease considered to be a zoonosis?
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|a5=
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|a5=No
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Three:
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*Non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus
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*VP1 (52kDA) - structural protein; intracellular form of the capsid protein
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*VP2 (24 kDA) - found in small amounts in the purified virus
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*VP3 (14 kDA) - involved in apoptosis (programmed and controlled cell death with no lysis of the cell.  Causes apoptosis of infected stem cells in the bone marrow (BM).  Sequential damage to BM inhibits the production of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), lymphoid tissue and platelets.
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Vaccines need to contain both VP1 and VP2 to be antigenic.
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  −
Due to VP3 apoptotic properties it has the potential to be an anti-cancer agent.
   
|l5=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
 
|l5=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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|q6=Is ''Chicken anaemia virus disease'' considered to be a zoonosis?
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|q6=What species of birds does the CAV infect?
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|a6=No
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|a6=  
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|l6=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Introduction
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*Chickens (but can also affect quail). The disease severely affects 10-14 day old chicks. 
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|q7=What species of birds does the CAV infect?
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|l6=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Signalment
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|q7=What are the clinical signs of Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease?
 
|a7=  
 
|a7=  
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*Chickens (but can also affect quail). The disease severely affects 10-14 day old chicks. 
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|l7=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Signalment
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|q8=What are the clinical signs of Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease?
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|a8=
   
Clinical signs include:
 
Clinical signs include:
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*Pale; comb, wattle, eyelids, legs and carcass, *Anorexia, weight loss, stunting, and unthriftiness
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*Pale; comb, wattle, eyelids, legs and carcass,  
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*Anorexia, weight loss, stunting, and unthriftiness
 
*Cyanosis, petechiation and ecchymoses,  
 
*Cyanosis, petechiation and ecchymoses,  
 
*Weakness, lethargy and sudden death.  
 
*Weakness, lethargy and sudden death.  
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*Paresis
 
*Paresis
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*Clinical signs are dependent on the age of the bird.  
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Clinical signs are dependent on the age of the bird. Chicks develop clinical signs within two weeks of hatching if infected via vertical transmission. Chicks older than 14 days old do not show any clinical signs if infected via horizontal transmission.  
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*Chicks develop clinical signs within two weeks of hatching if infected via vertical transmission.
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|l7=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Clinical Signs
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*Chicks older than 14 days old do not show any clinical signs if infected via horizontal transmission.  
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|q8=How is Chicken anaemia virus disease transmitted?
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|l8=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Clinical Signs
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|a8=
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|q9=What species of birds does the CAV infect?
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*Horizontally through fomites and faecal-orally as the virus is excreted by a small number of vertically infected hatch mates. This occurs in older chickens that lack maternal derived antibodies.
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|a9=  
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*Vertically as chicks hatch from infected layers of naive flocks over a period of 3 to 6 weeks. After this period the breeder layers develop sufficient CAV antibodies to stop the transmission of the virus to the egg.
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*Chickens (but can also affect quail).
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|l8=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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The disease is more severe in chicks. 
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|q9=What is the mortality rates within the flock?
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|l9=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Signalment
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|a9=
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|q10=What species of birds does the CAV infect?
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*5 to 10% (but can be as high as 60%).
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|a10=  
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*Mortality peaks during the third week of life
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*Chickens (but can also affect quail).
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|l9=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Epidemiology
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The disease is more severe in chicks. 
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|q10=What is the distribution of CAV?
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|l10=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Signalment
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|a10=Worldwide - distribution including commercial poultry and specific pathogen free (SPF) flocks.
 +
|l10=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Distribution
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|q11=How do you diagnose Chicken anaemia virus disease?
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|a11=
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*Clinical signs
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*Decreases in haematocrit from normal ranges (32-37.5%) to below 27%
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*Increases in the amount of immature blood cells
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*Virus isolation (confirms diagnosis) - but growth of CAV in cell cultures can be difficult.
    +
Levels of infection can be estimated by the detection of raising antibody titres.
    +
Many diagnostic tests have been developed: immunoperoxidase staining, ELISA, PCR, indirect immunofluorescence
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|l11=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Diagnosis
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|q12=What can be found on postmortem?
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|a12=
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*Severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and to a lesser extent the spleen). All become depleted of lymphocytes and  reticular cells become hyperplastic.
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*Haemorrhages throughout the skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue
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*Pale watery yellow bone marrow - due to severe aplasia of the BM and the haematopoietic cells being replaced with adipose tissue
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|l12=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Diagnosis
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|q13=What is the treatment for Chicken anaemia virus disease?
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|a13=
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There is no specific treatment for infected birds with this virus; culling is likely to be the most appropriate option for commercial flocks.
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|l13=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Treatment
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|q14=How is Chicken anaemia virus disease controlled?
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|a14=
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Vaccination of breeding hens with both live attenuated and wild vaccines reduces the vertical transmission rate.
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Fomites may assist the transmission of the virus. Immunity occurs once the bird has become infected.
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At a farm level rigorous cleaning with hypochlorite, iodoform or formalin is recommended and biosecurity is important to try and erradicate on farm infections.
 +
|l14=Chicken Anaemia Virus Disease#Control
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
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[[Category:Avian Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:Avian Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
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[[Category:To Do - Jaimie Meagor]]
 
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