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− | [[Poxviridae]] | + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| + | ==Introduction== |
| + | [[Poxviridae]] infect many species and disease often '''affects the skin''', although '''systemic infections''' may also occur in which clinical signs of the disease may or may not be apparent. |
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− | *Lesion development:
| + | Poxvirus infections often cause '''proliferative epithelial lesions in birds''' whereas papular and/or pustular epithelial lesions are characteristic of poxvirus-infected mammals and only in some cases do they become proliferative. |
− | **Due to viral invasion of epithelium
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− | **Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
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− | **Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
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− | *Cutaneous lesions:
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− | **[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|scar]]
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− | [[Orf]]
| + | The poxviruses are the largest animal viruses which contain single, linear molecules of double-stranded DNA. |
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| + | ==Skin lesion development== |
| + | Lesions develop due to '''viral invasion of the epithelium''' leading to '''vascular injury and ischaemic necrosis'''. |
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| + | There is stimulation of the host DNA and the formation of '''hyperplastic nodules'''. |
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| + | Skin lesions usually progress from '''papule to vesicle, to umbilicated pustule, to crust and finally to a scar'''. |
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| + | ==Poxviruses with skin signs== |
| + | '''Sheep and goats''' |
| + | :[[Orf]] and [[Capripox|Sheep and goat pox]] |
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| + | '''Cattle''' |
| + | :[[Bovine Papular Stomatitis]], [[Cow Pox]], Pseudocowpox, [[Lumpy Skin Disease]] and Vaccinia |
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| + | '''Pigs''' |
| + | :[[Pig Pox|Swinepox]] |
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| + | '''Cats''' |
| + | :[[Cow Pox]] |
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| + | '''Avian species''' |
| + | :[[Fowl Pox]], Pigeon Pox and Canary Pox |
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| + | '''Rabbits''' |
| + | :[[Myxomatosis]], [[Shope fibroma virus]] and [[Malignant rabbit fibroma virus]] |
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| + | ==Diagnosis== |
| + | A definitive diagnosis is made '''histologically''' by observing the characteristic '''intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells'''. |
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| + | ==References== |
| + | Quinn, P.J. (1994) '''Clinical veterinary microbiology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' |
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| + | Hirsh, D. (2004) '''Veterinary microbiology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell'' |
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| + | {{review}} |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} |
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| + | [[Category:Expert Review]] |
| [[Category:Integumentary System - Viral Infections]] | | [[Category:Integumentary System - Viral Infections]] |
− | [[Category:To Do - Manson]]
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