Changes

[[File:Gray39.png|right|400px|thumb|Diagramatic Representation of the various layers of the placenta (fetal side lower and maternal side upper)]]

[[File:Gray39.png|right|400px|thumb|Diagramatic Representation of the various layers of the placenta (fetal side lower and maternal side upper)]]

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

=== Shunts ===

=== Shunts ===

There are a number of fetal circulatory shunts that are related to the umbilical arteries and veins. The three major shunts are covered in more detail at [[Foetal_Circulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Circulatory_Changes_at_Birth|Fetal Circulation]] but are important to ensure that organs are always supplied with oxygen and nutrient rich blood, to prevent waste accumulation and protect organs that are not yet fully patent. The main fetal circulatory shunts are the '''Ductus venosus''', '''Foramen ovale''' and the '''Ductus arteriosus'''.

There are a number of fetal circulatory shunts that are related to the umbilical arteries and veins. The three major shunts are covered in more detail at [[Foetal_Circulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Circulatory_Changes_at_Birth|Fetal Circulation]] but are important to ensure that organs are always supplied with oxygen and nutrient rich blood, to prevent waste accumulation and protect organs that are not yet fully patent. The main fetal circulatory shunts are the '''Ductus venosus''', '''Foramen ovale''' and the '''Ductus arteriosus'''.

== Endocrine Placenta ==

== Endocrine Placenta ==

Freemartins occur in 1% of births and in 99% of cases, the female is rendered sterile. For more detailed information, please see [[Freemartinism|bovine freemartinism]].

Freemartins occur in 1% of births and in 99% of cases, the female is rendered sterile. For more detailed information, please see [[Freemartinism|bovine freemartinism]].

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[[Category:To Do - A&P]]

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

[[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]

[[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]]