Changes

Mortality (especially amongst partridges), loss of weight, weakness, anaemia and reduced egg production may also be seen.

Mortality (especially amongst partridges), loss of weight, weakness, anaemia and reduced egg production may also be seen.

|l2= Syngamus trachea

|l2= Syngamus trachea#Clinical Signs

|q3= What differential diagnoses should be considered from these clinical signs?

|q3= What differential diagnoses should be considered from these clinical signs?

|a3= The differential diagnoses should include mycoplasmosis and aspergillosis.  

|a3= The differential diagnoses should include mycoplasmosis and aspergillosis.  

In gamebirds with aspergillosis there is usually silent gasping rather than the ‘snicking’ that occurs in birds with ''Syngamus trachea''.

In gamebirds with aspergillosis there is usually silent gasping rather than the ‘snicking’ that occurs in birds with ''Syngamus trachea''.

|l3= Syngamus trachea

|l3= Syngamus trachea#Diagnosis

|q4= What treatment and control measures can be used?

|q4= What treatment and control measures can be used?

|a4= Syngamiasis is most likely to be a problem in gamebirds kept on ground that has carried gamebirds in previous years. The parasite may use a direct life cycle, re-infecting the host species themselves, or use an indirect life-cycle, being taken up by earthworms, slugs and snails, in which they survive from one year to the next. Wild birds also act as reservoirs of infection.  

|a4= Syngamiasis is most likely to be a problem in gamebirds kept on ground that has carried gamebirds in previous years. The parasite may use a direct life cycle, re-infecting the host species themselves, or use an indirect life-cycle, being taken up by earthworms, slugs and snails, in which they survive from one year to the next. Wild birds also act as reservoirs of infection.  

Medication licensed and effective against ''Syngamus'' include anthelmintics of the benzimidazole group and nitroxynil. The benzimidazoles are best administered in the feed, nitroxynil is given in drinking water. Caution must be exercised in using nitroxynil which may result in toxicity, kidney damage and egg production problems; it is not recommended for use in birds over 17 weeks old.

Medication licensed and effective against ''Syngamus'' include anthelmintics of the benzimidazole group and nitroxynil. The benzimidazoles are best administered in the feed, nitroxynil is given in drinking water. Caution must be exercised in using nitroxynil which may result in toxicity, kidney damage and egg production problems; it is not recommended for use in birds over 17 weeks old.

|l4= Syngamus trachea

|l4= Syngamus trachea#Treatment and Control

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[[Category: Avian Medicine Q&A]]