Changes

Also Known As'''''– Avian reovirus - ARV'''''

Also Known As: '''''Avian Reovirus — ARV'''''

Causes – ''Avian infectious tenosynovitis – Chronic viral respiratory disease – Malabsorption syndrome in broilers''

Causes: '''''Avian Infectious Tenosynovitis — Chronic Viral Respiratory Disease — Malabsorption Syndrome in Broilers''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Avian orthoreovirus is a virus of the '''[[Reoviridae]] family''' and causes '''most importantly [[Arthritis|arthritis]] and [[Tenosynovitis|tenosynovitis]]''' in poultry but can also be a cause of [[Respiratory System|respiratory]] disease.

Avian orthoreovirus is a virus of the '''[[Reoviridae]] family''' and causes '''most importantly [[Arthritis|arthritis]] and [[Tenosynovitis|tenosynovitis]]''' in poultry but can also be a cause of respiratory disease.

This disease is not zoonotic.

This disease is not zoonotic.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

'''Lameness''' is the principle sign of disease, and may be accompanied by '''swelling, haemorrhage, skin discolouration''' and refusal to move. In severe cases, the '''gastrocnemius may rupture''' and so birds may become recumbent and struggle to feed.  

'''Lameness''' is the principle sign of disease, and may be accompanied by '''swelling, haemorrhage, skin discolouration''' and refusal to move. In severe cases, the '''gastrocnemius may rupture''' and birds may become recumbent and struggle to feed.  

'''[[Diarrhoea]], dehydration and anorexia''' can also be caused by the virus (malabsorption syndrome). Neurological signs develop in severe cases. Birds appear soiled and ruffled and may huddle together.

'''[[Diarrhoea]], dehydration and anorexia''' can also be caused by the virus (malabsorption syndrome). Neurological signs develop in severe cases. Birds appear soiled and ruffled and may huddle together.

'''Virus can be isolated''' from the respiratory, enteric and reproductive tracts or from tendons, plasma and blood cells of recently killed birds.<ref> Robertson, M. D., Wilcox, G. E., Kibenge, F. S. B (1984) '''Prevalence of reoviruses in commercial chickens'''. Australian Veterinary Journal, 61(10):319-322; 30</ref>Its site of primary replication is the epithelia of the small intestine. The viruses can then be '''cultured on chicken eggs and chicken embryo liver cell''' cultures. Infection induces formation of '''syncytia, degeneration and holes in the monolayer'''. Presence can be confirmed by '''electron microscopy and PCR'''.

'''Virus can be isolated''' from the respiratory, enteric and reproductive tracts or from tendons, plasma and blood cells of recently killed birds.<ref> Robertson, M. D., Wilcox, G. E., Kibenge, F. S. B (1984) '''Prevalence of reoviruses in commercial chickens'''. Australian Veterinary Journal, 61(10):319-322; 30</ref>Its site of primary replication is the epithelia of the small intestine. The viruses can then be '''cultured on chicken eggs and chicken embryo liver cell''' cultures. Infection induces formation of '''syncytia, degeneration and holes in the monolayer'''. Presence can be confirmed by '''electron microscopy and PCR'''.

'''Agar Gel Immunodiffusion, Complement fixation and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' can be used to detect antibodies serologically.

'''[[Immunodiffusion|Agar gel immunodiffusion]], [[Complement Fixation|complement fixation]] and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' can be used to detect antibodies serologically.

On '''post-mortem, the digital flexor tendons, metatarsal extensors and tendon sheaths are inflamed, swollen and surrounded by exudate.''' Cartilage may be eroded and synovial membranes haemorrhagic. '''Fibrosis and adhesions''' develop in chronic cases. On histopathology, '''oedema and synoviocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia''' are evident.<ref>McNulty, M. S (1993) '''Reovirus'''. Virus infections of birds. 181-193; 97</ref> Visceral damage varies greatly due to the differing capacity of viruses to disseminate.

On '''post-mortem, the digital flexor tendons, metatarsal extensors and tendon sheaths are inflamed, swollen and surrounded by exudate.''' Cartilage may be eroded and synovial membranes haemorrhagic. '''Fibrosis and adhesions''' develop in chronic cases. On histopathology, '''oedema and synoviocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia''' are evident.<ref>McNulty, M. S (1993) '''Reovirus'''. Virus infections of birds. ''Elsevier'' 181-193; 97</ref> Visceral damage varies greatly due to the differing capacity of viruses to disseminate.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Avian Orthoreovirus infection datasheet''', accessed 03/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Avian Orthoreovirus infection datasheet''', accessed 03/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

 

 

[[Category:Reoviruses]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Birds]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]