Changes

*80% above pelvic brim

*80% above pelvic brim

*Good seal between vulval lips  

*Good seal between vulval lips  

|l1= Pneumovagina - Horse#Signalment

|l1= Pneumovagina - Horses#Signalment

|q2= How does poor vulvar conformation lead to pneumovagina and infection?

|q2= How does poor vulvar conformation lead to pneumovagina and infection?

|a2=  

|a2=  

*Negative pressure in the tract draws the air in and up towards the uterus

*Negative pressure in the tract draws the air in and up towards the uterus

*Faeces can enter the same way

*Faeces can enter the same way

|l2= Pneumovagina - Horse#Pathogenesis

|l2= Pneumovagina - Horses#Pathogenesis

|q3= What is the risk of pneumovagina and poor vulvar conformation to a pregnancy?

|q3= What is the risk of pneumovagina and poor vulvar conformation to a pregnancy?

|a3= Ascending infection can lead to placentitis which is an important cause of abortion.

|a3= Ascending infection can lead to placentitis which is an important cause of abortion.

|l3= Pneumovagina - Horse#Clinical Signs

|l3= Pneumovagina - Horses#Clinical Signs

|q4= What is the Caslick index and how is it calculated and interpreted?

|q4= What is the Caslick index and how is it calculated and interpreted?

|a4=  

|a4=  

*Calculated by multiplying length of the vulvar commissure by the angle of declination

*Calculated by multiplying length of the vulvar commissure by the angle of declination

*Values less than 100 are favoured and those more than 150 are classed as high risk for pneumovagina and infection  

*Values less than 100 are favoured and those more than 150 are classed as high risk for pneumovagina and infection  

|l4= Pneumovagina - Horse#Diagnosis

|l4= Pneumovagina - Horses#Diagnosis

|q5=When should a Caslick’s operation be performed and what must be done later on in gestation?

|q5=When should a Caslick’s operation be performed and what must be done later on in gestation?

|a5=

|a5=

*The procedure is performed as soon as ovulation and breeding have been confirmed.

*The procedure is performed as soon as ovulation and breeding have been confirmed.

*The sutures MUST be removed 5-10 days prior to parturition to avoid trauma and perineal injury.

*The sutures MUST be removed 5-10 days prior to parturition to avoid trauma and perineal injury.

|l5= Pneumovagina - Horse#Treatment

|l5= Pneumovagina - Horses#Treatment

|q6= What is Pouret’s operation and when is it used?

|q6= What is Pouret’s operation and when is it used?

|a6=

|a6=

*A surgery that separates the reproductive tract from the caudal rectum, preventing traction of the vagina and vestibule and allowing more normal positioning of the vulva.

*A surgery that separates the reproductive tract from the caudal rectum, preventing traction of the vagina and vestibule and allowing more normal positioning of the vulva.

*It is used in very severe cases, often when the Caslick’s has been unsuccessful

*It is used in very severe cases, often when the Caslick’s has been unsuccessful

|l6= Pneumovagina - Horse#Treatment

|l6= Pneumovagina - Horses#Treatment

</FlashCard>

</FlashCard>

[[Category:Horse Flashcards]] [[Category:Reproductive Diseases Flashcards]]

[[Category:Horse Flashcards]] [[Category:Reproductive Diseases Flashcards]]

[[Category:To Do - Manson review]]

[[Category:To Do - Manson review]]