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*80% above pelvic brim
 
*80% above pelvic brim
 
*Good seal between vulval lips  
 
*Good seal between vulval lips  
|l1= Pneumovagina - Horse#Signalment
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|l1= Pneumovagina - Horses#Signalment
 
|q2= How does poor vulvar conformation lead to pneumovagina and infection?
 
|q2= How does poor vulvar conformation lead to pneumovagina and infection?
 
|a2=  
 
|a2=  
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*Negative pressure in the tract draws the air in and up towards the uterus
 
*Negative pressure in the tract draws the air in and up towards the uterus
 
*Faeces can enter the same way
 
*Faeces can enter the same way
|l2= Pneumovagina - Horse#Pathogenesis
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|l2= Pneumovagina - Horses#Pathogenesis
 
|q3= What is the risk of pneumovagina and poor vulvar conformation to a pregnancy?
 
|q3= What is the risk of pneumovagina and poor vulvar conformation to a pregnancy?
 
|a3= Ascending infection can lead to placentitis which is an important cause of abortion.
 
|a3= Ascending infection can lead to placentitis which is an important cause of abortion.
|l3= Pneumovagina - Horse#Clinical Signs
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|l3= Pneumovagina - Horses#Clinical Signs
 
|q4= What is the Caslick index and how is it calculated and interpreted?
 
|q4= What is the Caslick index and how is it calculated and interpreted?
 
|a4=  
 
|a4=  
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*Calculated by multiplying length of the vulvar commissure by the angle of declination
 
*Calculated by multiplying length of the vulvar commissure by the angle of declination
 
*Values less than 100 are favoured and those more than 150 are classed as high risk for pneumovagina and infection  
 
*Values less than 100 are favoured and those more than 150 are classed as high risk for pneumovagina and infection  
|l4= Pneumovagina - Horse#Diagnosis
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|l4= Pneumovagina - Horses#Diagnosis
 
|q5=When should a Caslick’s operation be performed and what must be done later on in gestation?
 
|q5=When should a Caslick’s operation be performed and what must be done later on in gestation?
 
|a5=
 
|a5=
 
*The procedure is performed as soon as ovulation and breeding have been confirmed.
 
*The procedure is performed as soon as ovulation and breeding have been confirmed.
 
*The sutures MUST be removed 5-10 days prior to parturition to avoid trauma and perineal injury.
 
*The sutures MUST be removed 5-10 days prior to parturition to avoid trauma and perineal injury.
|l5= Pneumovagina - Horse#Treatment
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|l5= Pneumovagina - Horses#Treatment
 
|q6= What is Pouret’s operation and when is it used?
 
|q6= What is Pouret’s operation and when is it used?
 
|a6=
 
|a6=
 
*A surgery that separates the reproductive tract from the caudal rectum, preventing traction of the vagina and vestibule and allowing more normal positioning of the vulva.
 
*A surgery that separates the reproductive tract from the caudal rectum, preventing traction of the vagina and vestibule and allowing more normal positioning of the vulva.
 
*It is used in very severe cases, often when the Caslick’s has been unsuccessful
 
*It is used in very severe cases, often when the Caslick’s has been unsuccessful
|l6= Pneumovagina - Horse#Treatment
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|l6= Pneumovagina - Horses#Treatment
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
 
[[Category:Horse Flashcards]] [[Category:Reproductive Diseases Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:Horse Flashcards]] [[Category:Reproductive Diseases Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:To Do - Manson review]]
 
[[Category:To Do - Manson review]]
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