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A bursa is present on a limb or at specific areas of the body that generally have limited movement but with pressure against a portion of bone, tendon or ligament. A bursa can also be found in areas to facilitate the gliding action of a tendon.

A bursa is present on a limb or at specific areas of the body that generally have limited movement but with pressure against a portion of bone, tendon or ligament. A bursa can also be found in areas to facilitate the gliding action of a tendon.

'''True or natural bursae''' are located in a predictable position and examples include: navicular bursa, prepatellar bursa, cunean bursa, bicipital bursa, trochanteric bursa and the subtendinous bursa of the common calcaneal tendon.

'''True or natural bursae''' are located in a predictable position and examples include: [[Equine Phalages - Anatomy & Physiology#Distal Interphalangeal/Coffin Joint|navicular bursa]], prepatellar bursa, cunean bursa, bicipital bursa, trochanteric bursa and the subtendinous bursa of the common calcaneal tendon.

'''Acquired bursa''' develop subcutaneously in response to pressure and friction. Tearing of the subcutaneous tissue allows fluid to accumulate and become encapsulated by fibrous tissue. These include: olecranon bursa ('''capped elbow'''), subcutaneous calcaneal bursa ('''capped hock''') and carpal hygroma.

'''Acquired bursa''' develop subcutaneously in response to pressure and friction. Tearing of the subcutaneous tissue allows fluid to accumulate and become encapsulated by fibrous tissue. These include: olecranon bursa ('''capped elbow'''), subcutaneous calcaneal bursa ('''capped hock''') and carpal hygroma.

Bursa may '''communicate with a joint or tendon sheath''' and may become clinically apparent because effusion from the joint or sheath cases filling of the bursa.

Bursa may '''communicate with a joint or tendon sheath''' and may become clinically apparent because effusion from the joint or sheath cases filling of the bursa.

True bursitis involves a natural bursa and is caused by '''direct trauma or associated with the stress of racing''' or performance. This form of bursitis is called '''traumatic bursitis'''.

'''True bursitis''' involves a '''natural bursa''' and is caused by '''direct trauma or associated with the stress of racing''' or performance. This form of bursitis is called '''traumatic bursitis'''.

Acquired bursitis is either the development of a subcutaneous bursa or inflammation of that bursa.

'''Acquired bursitis''' is either the development of a subcutaneous bursa or inflammation of that bursa.

If a bursa becomes infected, '''septic bursitis''' occurs and this is commonly following a puncture wound.

If a bursa becomes infected, '''septic bursitis''' occurs and this is commonly following a puncture wound.

==Clinical signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Bicipital, trochanteric and cunean bursitis are characterised by '''lameness'''. Pain can be elicited through '''palpation''' in bicipital and trochanteric bursitis, but cunean bursitis needs local blocking to define.

Bicipital, trochanteric and cunean bursitis are characterised by '''lameness'''. Pain can be elicited through '''palpation''' in bicipital and trochanteric bursitis, but cunean bursitis needs local blocking to define.

For more chronic cases, '''surgical removal and primary closure''' is the treatment of choice. If immobilisation of the region can be performed, results can be good.

For more chronic cases, '''surgical removal and primary closure''' is the treatment of choice. If immobilisation of the region can be performed, results can be good.

In septic bursitis, treatment required '''systemic antibiotics as well as local drainage'''. The prognosis for complete recovery is guarded.

In septic bursitis, treatment requires '''systemic antibiotics as well as local drainage'''. The prognosis for complete recovery is guarded.

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Bursae and Tendons - Pathology]]

[[Category:Bursae and Tendons - Pathology]]

[[Category:To Do - Manson]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Horse]]

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Horse]]

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]