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==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Definitive diagnosis of Leishmaniasis requires combining observation of the clinical signs and the demonstration of ''Leishmania'' orgnisms in the animal. In the cutaneous disease this may be done by microscopic analysis of skin scrapings from the animals. For diagnosis of the visceral disease samples of joint fluid, [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] or [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]] biopsies may all contain macrophages that have been infected by the organisms.
Definitive diagnosis of Leishmaniasis requires combining observation of the clinical signs and the demonstration of ''Leishmania'' organisms in the animal. In the cutaneous disease this may be done by microscopic analysis of skin scrapings from the animals. For diagnosis of the visceral disease samples of joint fluid, [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] or [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]] biopsies may all contain macrophages that have been infected by the organisms.
Cytological examination of fine needle aspirates should show evidence of [[Lymph Node Abnormalities|reactive hyperplasia]] in the lymph nodes, with increased numbers of lymphoblasts and [[B cell differentiation|plasma cells]]. [[Lymph Node Abnormalities|Reactive hyperplasia]] of [[B cell differentiation|plasma cells]] is especially common in Leishmaniasis cases as it causes chronic antigen stimulation. [[B cell differentiation|Mott cells]], which are [[B cell differentiation|plasma cells]] containing vesicles of accumulated [[Immunoglobulins - Overview|immunoglobulins]] (Russell bodies) may also be evident. They are also the result of a chronic disease process, such as Leishmaniasis.
As mentioned above, the parasite itself can be identified cytologically within [[Macrophage|macrophages]] to confirm disease.
==Treatment and Control==
==Treatment and Control==
[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Expert Review]]
[[Category:Expert Review]]
[[Category: To Do - Siobhan Brade]]