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, 17:10, 8 August 2011
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'''A ten-year-old spayed female barn cat presented with severe dyspnoea and cyanosis. Thoracocentesis yielded a foul-smelling, purulent, grey material. A smear of the material was made (Gram’s, ×100 oil).'''
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<FlashCard questions="3">
|q1=What are the structures arrowed?
|a1=
There is a clump of filamentous gram-negative rods.
|l1=:Category:Gram negative bacteria
|q2=What are two organisms that have this kind of morphology?
|a2=
Actinomyces species and Nocardia species are bacterial genera that have this morphology. Of the two, Actinomyces is most likely in cases of pyothorax in the cat.
|l2=Actinomyces species - Overview
|q3=How can you differentiate between the two before culture results can be received?
|a3=
An acid-fast stain (either Ziehl–Neelsen, or Kinyoun’s Cold Acid-Fast [an easy one to do in-house]) would differentiate the two species; Nocardia species are partially acid-fast, whilst Actinomyces are acid-fast negative.
|l3=Bacterial Disease - Laboratory Diagnosis
</FlashCard>
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