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'''An owner is worried that her rabbit’s urine contains blood. She has brought in a urine sample for analysis.'''

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<FlashCard questions="3">
|q1=How would you diagnose haematuria in the rabbit?
|a1=
Rabbit urine can contain porphyrin pigments. This colours the urine dark brown to red and is often confused by owners with blood. <br><br>
Haematuria may be diagnosed either by using a urine dipstick, with a positive reaction, or by examination of the urine sediment for red blood cells. <br><br>
Examination of the urine under a Wood’s lamp can distinguish between the two conditions, although this is rarely necessary in clinical practice. Porphyrin pigments will fluoresce, whereas haemoglobin does not.
|l1=
|q2=What are the differential diagnoses for this condition?
|a2=
Differential diagnoses include:
*reproductive tract disease (uterine adenocarcinoma,
*uterine polyps, abortion and endometrial venous aneurysm);
*urinary tract disease (cystitis, bladder polyps, pyelonephritis, renal infarcts, urolithiasis); and
*lead toxicity.
|l2=
|q3=What further tests would you perform to reach a diagnosis?
|a3=
A thorough history should be sought and a full clinical examination undertaken prior to obtaining a sterile urine sample, either by catheterization under sedation or by cystocentesis, for analysis and culture. <br><br>
Radiography and ultrasonography may be used to investigate whether lesions are associated with the genital or reproductive tract. Contrast studies may be indicated with urinary tract disease. <br><br>
Laboratory tests such as full haematology and biochemistry should be carried out.
|l3=
</FlashCard>

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