Changes

===Accessory nerve (XI)===

===Accessory nerve (XI)===

The accessory nerve is part of the group of cranial nerves responsible for innervation of structures derived from the branchial arches. It is also part of a group together with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves that passes through the '''jugular foramen''' which is termed the '''vagus group'''. The accessory nerve has cell bodies that are referred to as '''nucleus ambiguus'''.

The accessory nerve is part of the group of cranial nerves responsible for innervation of structures derived from the branchial arches. It is also part of a group together with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves that passes through the '''jugular foramen''' which is termed the '''vagus group'''. The accessory nerve supplies structures related to the fourth brancial arch. The accessory nerve has cell bodies that are referred to as '''nucleus ambiguus''' and originate in the medulla oblongata. The cranial root of the accessory nerve actually contributes to the vagus nerve and to the striated muscles of the pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus.

However the accessory nerve also contributes to the cervical spinal cord and spinal root through the '''foramen magnum''' providing innervation to muscles of the neck. The spinal root of the accessory nerve branches into the '''dorsal branch''' and the '''ventral branch'''. The dorsal branch innervates the brachiocephalicus, trapezius and omotransversarius muscles of the dorsal neck. The ventral branch innervates the sternocephalicus muscle.

===Hypoglossal nerve (XII)===

===Hypoglossal nerve (XII)===