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===Types of Uroliths===
===Types of Uroliths===
'''Struvite'''
'''Struvite'''
:most common urolith in small animals commonly associated with infection by urease producing organisms such as [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|''Staphylococcus'']] or ''[[Proteus]]''
:most common urolith in small animals commonly associated with '''infection''' by urease producing organisms such as [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|''Staphylococcus'']] or ''[[Proteus]]''
:more common in females due to increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections
:more common in females due to increased susceptibility to urinary tract infections
:formation enhanced by the presence of alkaline urine
:formation enhanced by the presence of alkaline urine
:struvite uroliths may contain calcium and become '''radiodense''' on radiographs
'''Calcium oxalate'''
'''Calcium oxalate'''
:form due to supersaturation of urine with calcium
:form due to supersaturation of urine with calcium
:often have spine-like projections
:often have spine-like projections
:markedly '''radiodense''' on radiographs
'''Urate'''
'''Urate'''
:Dalmations predisposed, urolith of birds
:'''Dalmations''' predisposed, urolith of birds
:urolith associated with hepatic disease, especially '''portosystemic shunts'''
:'''radiolucent''' on radiographs
'''Cystine'''
'''Cystine'''
:occurs with cystinuria
:occurs with cystinuria
:'''radiodense''' on radiographs
'''Calcium carbonate'''
'''Calcium carbonate'''
:occurs in horses
:occurs in horses
:'''radiodense''' on radiographs
'''Silica'''
'''Silica'''
:occurs in pastured ruminants, development may be related to diet
:occurs in pastured ruminants, development may be related to diet
:'''radiodense''' on radiographs
==Clinical Signs==
==Clinical Signs==
[[Category:Lower Urinary Tract - Pathology]]
[[Category:Lower Urinary Tract - Pathology]]
[[Category:Urological Diseases - Birds]]
[[Category:Urological Diseases - Birds]]
[[Category:To Do - Review]]