Changes

Clinical signs include '''depression''', '''failure to perch''', lethargy, sitting at the bottom of the cage.

Clinical signs include '''depression''', '''failure to perch''', lethargy, sitting at the bottom of the cage.

There may be '''abdominal swelling''', '''attempts to strain''', spreading its legs.

There may be '''abdominal swelling''', '''attempts to strain''', spreading of legs.

Some birds may show signs of '''leg paralysis''' due to the pressure exerted by the egg on the nerve supply to the legs.

Some birds may show signs of '''leg paralysis''' due to the pressure exerted by the egg on the nerve supply to the legs.

'''Antibiotics''' can also be given for potential sepsis.

'''Antibiotics''' can also be given for potential sepsis.

'''Oxytocin''' and the avian equivalent, arginine vasotocin, both cause uterine contractions and can help '''induce egg delivery'''. If the egg is adherent to the uterine wall or unable to descend , due to soft tissue swelling or the collection of urates or stool, the administration of these drugs could theoretically lead to uterine rupture, but this has rarely been reported.

'''Oxytocin''' and the avian equivalent, arginine vasotocin, both cause uterine contractions and can help '''induce egg delivery'''. If the egg is adherent to the uterine wall or unable to descend due to soft tissue swelling or the collection of urates or stool, the administration of these drugs could theoretically lead to uterine rupture, but this has rarely been reported.

Inhalant anesthesia and '''manual extraction''' may be used if medical management fails. The decreased stress (due to decreased pain) and increased muscle relaxation warrant the slight anesthetic risk.  

Inhalant anesthesia and '''manual extraction''' may be used if medical management fails. The decreased stress (due to decreased pain) and increased muscle relaxation warrant the slight anesthetic risk.  

==Prevention==

==Prevention==

Birds on a poor diet should have the diet changed to a more '''balanced diet containing fewer seeds'''.

Where nutrition is the likely cause, the diet should be changed to a more '''balanced, containing fewer seeds'''.

Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin and mineral '''supplementation''' may be recommended.

Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin and mineral '''supplementation''' may be recommended.

'''Obesity''' should also be corrected.

'''Obesity''' should also be corrected.

A '''ovariohysterectomy''' can also be performed to prevent egg laying and egg binding.

An '''ovariohysterectomy''' can also be performed to prevent egg laying and egg binding.

==References==

==References==

Merck and Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' ''Merial''

Merck and Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual''' ''Merial''

 

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

[[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Birds]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]