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| Problems include history of polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia and weight loss, azotemia, cystitis, dehydration, ketonuria, hyperglycemia. | | Problems include history of polyuria/polydipsia, anorexia and weight loss, azotemia, cystitis, dehydration, ketonuria, hyperglycemia. |
− | |l1= | + | |l1=Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| |q2=Describe your initial treatment plan for this cat. | | |q2=Describe your initial treatment plan for this cat. |
| |a2= | | |a2= |
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| *culture urine and begin bactericidal antibiotic effective against Gram-positive cocci that get high urine concentration (e.g. amoxicillin, ampicillin). | | *culture urine and begin bactericidal antibiotic effective against Gram-positive cocci that get high urine concentration (e.g. amoxicillin, ampicillin). |
| *Begin s/c insulin (NPH, Lente, or P21) once glucose rises again and cat is eating. | | *Begin s/c insulin (NPH, Lente, or P21) once glucose rises again and cat is eating. |
− | |l2= | + | |l2=Diabetic Ketoacidosis#Treatment |
| |q3=What other electrolytes must you evaluate, and why? | | |q3=What other electrolytes must you evaluate, and why? |
| |a3= | | |a3= |
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| Hypokalemia should be anticipated once insulin therapy is initiated, and potassium must be supplemented. | | Hypokalemia should be anticipated once insulin therapy is initiated, and potassium must be supplemented. |
− | |l3= | + | |l3=Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| |q4=What are potential complications? | | |q4=What are potential complications? |
| |a4= | | |a4= |
| Complications include severe acidosis, arrhythmias, altered mentation, acute renal failure, hypernatremia, dehydration, hypophosphatemia, hypoglycemia from therapy, hypokalemia, thromboemboli and infections. | | Complications include severe acidosis, arrhythmias, altered mentation, acute renal failure, hypernatremia, dehydration, hypophosphatemia, hypoglycemia from therapy, hypokalemia, thromboemboli and infections. |
− | |l4= | + | |l4=Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| |q5=Would you use sodium bicarbonate? Why or why not? | | |q5=Would you use sodium bicarbonate? Why or why not? |
| |a5= | | |a5= |
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| Overzealous bicarbonate therapy can lead to alkaline overshoot, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, paradoxical CSF acidosis, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality, and shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. | | Overzealous bicarbonate therapy can lead to alkaline overshoot, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, paradoxical CSF acidosis, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality, and shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. |
− | |l5= | + | |l5=Diabetic Ketoacidosis#Treatment |
| |q6=You are treating the cat and have brought the glucose to within normal range. However, there is now 4+ ketonuria. Explain the increase in ketones on the urine dipstick. | | |q6=You are treating the cat and have brought the glucose to within normal range. However, there is now 4+ ketonuria. Explain the increase in ketones on the urine dipstick. |
| |a6= | | |a6= |
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| Therefore, it appears as though there is an increase in ketones. | | Therefore, it appears as though there is an increase in ketones. |
− | |l6= | + | |l6=Diabetic Ketoacidosis#Diagnosis |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
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