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Reproductive Hormones Overview - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 18:01, 22 August 2011
, 18:01, 22 August 2011→Oxytocin (OT)
===Oxytocin (OT)===
===Oxytocin (OT)===
OT is a neuropeptide (a octapeptide) which is synthesised in the '''hypothalamus''' and stored in the posterior pituitary. OT can also be synthesised by the corpus luteum. In males the target tissue for OT is smooth muscle within the epididymal tail, ductus deferens and the ampulla. In females OT targets the uterine myometrium and endometrium together with cells of the mammary glands. In the male OT stimulates PGF2α synthesis and facilitates the pre-ejaculatory movement of spermatozoa. In females, OT stimulates uterine motility and the synthesis of PGF2α from the uterus. It also begins milk 'let-down' or ejection.
OT is a neuropeptide (a octapeptide) which is synthesised in the '''hypothalamus''' and stored in the posterior pituitary. OT can also be synthesised by the corpus luteum. In males the target tissue for OT is smooth muscle within the epididymal tail, ductus deferens and the ampulla. In females OT targets the uterine myometrium and endometrium together with cells of the mammary glands. In the male OT stimulates PGF2α synthesis and facilitates the pre-ejaculatory movement of spermatozoa. In females, OT stimulates uterine motility and the synthesis of PGF2α from the uterus. It also begins milk 'let-down' or ejection.
===Oestradiol (E<sub>2</sub>)===
E<sub>2</sub> is a steroid that is produced by the '''granulosa cells''' of a follicle, the placenta and the testes. In males the target tissue is the brain for maturation of the male brain during foetal development. E<sub>2</sub> in the male also inhibits long bone growth. In females the target tissues are the hypothalamus, the entire female reproductive tract and the mammary glands. The primary action of E<sub>2</sub> in males is the appropriate development of male sexual behaviours whilst in females it influences sexual behaviour, GnRH levels, the secretory activity of the reproductive tract and enhances uterine motility.
===Progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>)===
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