Changes

|species            = GHV-1

|species            = GHV-1

}}

}}

Also Known As: '''''Infectious Laryngotracheitis''''' — '''''ILT''''' — '''''Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis''''' — '''''AILT'''''

Also Known As: '''''Infectious Laryngotracheitis''''' — '''''ILT''''' — '''''Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis''''' — '''''AILT''''' — '''''Laryngotracheitis Virus''''' — '''''LTV'''''

Caused By: '''''Gallid Herpesvirus I''''' also known as: '''''GHV-1 — Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus — ILTV — LTV'''''

Caused By: '''''Gallid Herpesvirus I''''' also known as: '''''GHV-1 — Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus — ILTV — LTV'''''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Gallid Herpes virus causes '''respiratory disease''' in '''chickens''' and pheasants.

Gallid Herpes virus causes '''respiratory disease''' in '''chickens''' and pheasants.

Disease varies from mild to peracute, with mortality in peracute outbreaks exceeding 50%.

Disease varies from mild to peracute, with mortality in peracute outbreaks exceeding 50%.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Only chickens, pheasants and peafowl are naturally infected.  

The chicken is the primary host and reservoir host. A form of LT has been described in pheasants.  

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

Transmission is via '''direct contact''' and contaminated people and equipment. Vermin and wild birds and dogs may aid mechanical transmission.

Worldwide. Transmission is via '''direct contact''' and contaminated people and equipment. Vermin and wild birds and dogs may aid mechanical transmission.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Neurological and ophthalmologic signs may develop.

Neurological and ophthalmologic signs may develop.

Death may occur rapidly and with '''high mortality''' in peracute and acute disease. In subacute cases, respiratory signs may be present for several days before death but more birds will recover.

Death may occur rapidly and with '''high mortality''' in peracute and acute disease. In recent times, LT usually presents in a mild form and most birds recover.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Histopathology reveals loss of cilia, mucosal gland atrophy, intranuclear inclusion bodies and epithelial cell sloughing. Characteristic syncytia develop. A fibrinonecrotic membrane may be present in more chronic disease cases.

Histopathology reveals loss of cilia, mucosal gland atrophy, intranuclear inclusion bodies and epithelial cell sloughing. Characteristic syncytia develop. A fibrinonecrotic membrane may be present in more chronic disease cases.

'''Antigen [[ELISA testing |ELISA]]''' is both straightforward, quick and sensitive.

'''Antigen [[ELISA testing |ELISA]]''' is both straightforward, quick and sensitive. The PCR can be used to detect LTV.

[[Immunofluorescence|Immunofluorescent]] or Immunoperoxidase staining can also be performed and is more rapid but less sensitive.

[[Immunofluorescence|Immunofluorescent]] or Immunoperoxidase staining can also be performed and is more rapid but less sensitive.