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| <u>Foreign bodies</u>: grass seeds, grass awns, | | <u>Foreign bodies</u>: grass seeds, grass awns, |
| | | |
− | <u>Abnormal epidermal turnover or sebum production</u>: endocrinopathy, nutritional problems, sebaceous adenitis | + | <u>Abnormal epidermal turnover or sebum production</u>: [[Seborrhea|seborrhea]], endocrinopathy, nutritional problems, sebaceous adenitis |
| | | |
− | <u>Primary keratinisation defects</u>: idiopathic seborrhoea | + | <u>Primary keratinisation defects</u>: [[Seborrhea|idiopathic seborrhoea]] |
| | | |
| <u>Autoimmune disease</u>: pemphigus foliaceus | | <u>Autoimmune disease</u>: pemphigus foliaceus |
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| If an '''allergy''' is suspected, various tests such as intra-dermal allergy testing could be performed in order to provide a long-term means of control. | | If an '''allergy''' is suspected, various tests such as intra-dermal allergy testing could be performed in order to provide a long-term means of control. |
| | | |
− | ==Treatment and control== | + | ==Medical Treatment and Control== |
| Underlying '''predisposing, primary and perpetuating factors''' should be corrected. | | Underlying '''predisposing, primary and perpetuating factors''' should be corrected. |
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| '''Astringents''' can be used for dogs who are used to swimming to minimise maceration. Hairs can be regularly '''plucked''' from the inside of the ear to improve ventilation. | | '''Astringents''' can be used for dogs who are used to swimming to minimise maceration. Hairs can be regularly '''plucked''' from the inside of the ear to improve ventilation. |
| + | |
| + | ==Surgical Treatment== |
| + | Treatment of otitis externa should always be '''medical initially'''. |
| + | |
| + | '''Palpation''' of the ear canals and '''radiographs''' will help determine if there are chronic changes to the ear canals such as calcification. |
| + | |
| + | ===Lateral wall resection=== |
| + | This can be performed at an early stage to increased '''drainage and ventilation''' of the external ear canal. |
| + | |
| + | It should be used in cases where otitis has recurred despite appropriate medical management. |
| + | |
| + | The '''horizontal canal must be intact''' for this surgery to be effective, and irreversible canal stenosis and end-stage otitis can lead to failure of the procedure. |
| + | |
| + | ===Total Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bulla Osteotomy=== |
| + | This involves the '''complete removal''' of all external ear tissue except the pinna, and also removal of infected tissue within the middle ear. |
| + | |
| + | It is a '''salvage''' procedure that should only be performed in otitis externa cases that are chronic and endstage. |
| + | |
| + | It can also be performed if otitis externa is still present following a lateral wall resection. |
| + | |
| + | {{Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 19]] |
| + | }} |
| | | |
| ==References== | | ==References== |