Changes

===''Actinobacillus lignieresii''===

===''Actinobacillus lignieresii''===

*Commensal in the mouth of sheep and cattle

*Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause a granuloma, a condition known as Actinobacillosis

**Commensal in the mouth and intestinal tract of cattle and sheep

*Enodogenous, sporadic and chronic infection

**Penetrates damaged mucosa to cause chronic granulomatous inflammation of soft tissues, a condition known as Actinobacillosis

*Lesions in the tongue, cheek, lips and sometimes in the lower gut and lungs from aspiration

**Enodogenous, sporadic infection

*Often spreads from the site of infection to lymphatics

**Lesions in the tongue, cheek, lips and sometimes in the lower gut and lungs from aspiration

*[[Muscles - inflammatory#Wooden tongue|myositis]] and formation of fibrous tissue in the lesions lead to hardening of the tissue, hence the condition is known as 'wooden tongue' in cattle

**Often spreads from the site of infection to lymphatics, and may cause pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis

*In sheep abscesses with thick walls are produced

**[[Muscles - inflammatory#Wooden tongue|myositis]] and formation of fibrous tissue in the lesions lead to hardening of the tissue, hence the condition is known as 'wooden tongue' in cattle

*Feeding is impaired, causing loss of condition

**In sheep abscesses with thick walls are produced

*Recovery with antibiotics

**Feeding is impaired, causing loss of condition

**Infection in the oesophageal groove can cause tympany and enlargement of the retropharyngeal lymph node, causing difficulty in swallowing and breathing