Changes

*Endemic in UK

*Endemic in UK

*Most strains are NAD-dependent (grow on Heated Blood agar)

*Most strains are NAD-dependent (grow on Heated Blood agar)

*12 serotypes causing the same disease

*12 serotypes causing the same disease

*Different serotypes in different regions, with serotypes 3,6 and 8 the most common in the UK

*Different serotypes in different regions, with serotypes 3,6 and 8 the most common in the UK

***Different ''Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia'' serotypes secrete a particular combination of toxins; American serotypes secrete ApxI and II; European serotypes secrete ApxII and III

***Different ''Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia'' serotypes secrete a particular combination of toxins; American serotypes secrete ApxI and II; European serotypes secrete ApxII and III

***Toxins introduce pores into cell membranes

***Toxins introduce pores into cell membranes

*CLinical signs

*Clinical signs and epidemiology:

**Acute disease in susceptible herds with high morbidity and mortality

**Acute disease in susceptible herds with high morbidity and mortality (up to 50%)

**In acute outbreaks, pigs may be dyspnoeic, pyrexic or anorexic

**In acute outbreaks, pigs may be dyspnoeic, pyrexic or anorexic

**Blood-stained froth surrounding nose and mouth

**Blood-stained froth surrounding nose and mouth

**Solid immunity develops in recovered animals to all serotypes

**Solid immunity develops in recovered animals to all serotypes

**The disease is spread between herds by carrier pigs

**The disease is spread between herds by carrier pigs

**The bacteria on the palatine tonsil are undetected by serological tests and swabbing, and can therefore cause an outbreak in naive pigs

**The bacteria on the palatine tonsil may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing, and can therefore cause an outbreak in naive pigs

**Killed and bacterin vaccines are available   

**Killed and bacterin vaccines are available