Changes

* [[Intestines - Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic ulcerative colitis]] in the dog and cat.

* [[Intestines - Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic ulcerative colitis]] in the dog and cat.

 

* Causes [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]

* Causes [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]

* In [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]]

* In [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]]

**May enter blood to cause septicaemia

**May enter blood to cause septicaemia

*Clinical infections:

*Clinical infections:

**Avian [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Colibacillosis|Colibacillosis]]:  

**Avian [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Colibacillosis|colibacillosis]]:  

***Septicaemia in newly-hatched chickens

***Septicaemia in newly-hatched chickens

***Infection enters via faecal contamination of the egg surface or via the ovary of the hen

***Infection enters via faecal contamination of the egg surface or via the ovary of the hen

*Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'':

*Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'':

** Contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves

** Contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves

**These strains carry a plasmid which encodes an enterotoxin

**These strains carry a plasmid which encodes an enterotoxin

**Two types of enterotoxin: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins

**Two types of enterotoxin: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins

**The plasmids which produce these toxins are responsible for the pathogenicity of these strains

**The plasmids which produce these toxins are responsible for the pathogenicity of these strains

**Fimbrial antigen or colonisation factor antigens (CFAs)determine species specificity

**Fimbrial antigen or colonisation factor antigens (CFAs)determine species specificity

**LT is an oligometric toxin composed of an enzymatically-active A subunit (30KDa; 2 fragments - A1 and A2) and 5 identical B subunits (12KDa) forming the binding portion (B oligomer)

**LT is an oligometric toxin composed of an enzymatically-active A subunit (30KDa; 2 fragments - A1 and A2) and 5 identical B subunits (12KDa) forming the binding portion (B oligomer)

**This causes irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase in target cells

**This causes irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase in target cells

**This raises the cAMP level and causes hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the small intestine and inhibits reabsorption of sodium

**This raises the cAMP level and causes hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the small intestine and inhibits reabsorption of sodium

**The gut becomes distended with fluid and a diarrhoea which lasts several days results

**The gut becomes distended with fluid and a [[Intestines - diarrhoea#Secretory Diarrhoeas|secretory diarrhoea]] which lasts several days results

**LT is antigenic

**LT is antigenic

**Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen

**Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen

**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production

**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production

**Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombus formation  

**Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombus formation  

*Enteroaggretative ''E. coli'':

*Enteroaggretative ''E. coli'':