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→Introduction
'''Predisposing factors''' include urine stasis, incomplete voiding of urine, bladder trauma, glycosuria and dilute or alkaline urine. Anatomy also plays a role in that females are more prone to bacterial cystitis due to ease of entry through the urethra. In males, the relatively long urethra protects against ascending infection.
'''Predisposing factors''' include urine stasis, incomplete voiding of urine, bladder trauma, glycosuria and dilute or alkaline urine. Anatomy also plays a role in that females are more prone to bacterial cystitis due to ease of entry through the urethra. In males, the relatively long urethra protects against ascending infection.
'''Causes''' of acute cystitis include ascending infections, such as metritis, vaginitis and balanopsthitis, infected catheters or trauma due to catheters and prolonged administration of some anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide. Chronic cystitis is more likely to have an underlying cause such as [[Urolithiasis|urolithiasis]], polyps, [[Prostatitis|prostatitis]], [[Pyelonephritis|pyelonephritis]] and endocrinopathies such as [[Hyperadrenocorticism|hyperadrenocorticism]].
'''Causes''' of acute cystitis include ascending infections, such as metritis, vaginitis and balanoposthitis, infected catheters or trauma due to catheters and prolonged administration of some anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide. Chronic cystitis is more likely to have an underlying cause such as [[Urolithiasis|urolithiasis]], polyps, [[Prostatitis|prostatitis]], [[Pyelonephritis|pyelonephritis]] and endocrinopathies such as [[Hyperadrenocorticism|hyperadrenocorticism]].
Bacterial pathogens which can cause the condition include [[Escherichia coli|''Escherichia coli'']], [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|''Staphylococcus'']], [[:Category:Streptococcus species|''Streptococcus'']] in small animals, [[Corynebacterium renale|''Corynebacterium renale'']] in cattle and ''Eubacterium suis'' in pigs, ''[[Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus]]''
Bacterial pathogens which can cause the condition include [[Escherichia coli|''Escherichia coli'']], [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|''Staphylococcus'']], [[:Category:Streptococcus species|''Streptococcus'']] in small animals, [[Corynebacterium renale|''Corynebacterium renale'']] in cattle and ''Eubacterium suis'' in pigs, ''[[Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus]]''