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Created page with "==Introduction== ''Trichodina'' species are '''ciliated protozoan parasites''' of marine and freshwater species of fish. In large numbers they can cause '''skin and gill disease'..."
==Introduction==
''Trichodina'' species are '''ciliated protozoan parasites''' of marine and freshwater species of fish. In large numbers they can cause '''skin and gill disease''' and can ultimately lead to the death of the fish.
The organisms are '''saucer-shaped''' and have a prominent denticular (tooth-like) internal cytoskeleton ring.
==Life Cycle==
Certain species of ''Trichodina'' live in '''salt, brackish or freshwater''' areas. Some have a preference for the gill, some for the skin, and some parasitise both.
''Trichodina'' species reproduce by '''simple binary fission'''. Most species are '''host specific''' and presumably spread from fish to fish by incidental contact between susceptible host fish, as well as through contact with the organism in the water column.
==Clinical Signs==
Infected fish may 'flash' in an attempt to scratch off the organisms. Superficial '''white lesions''' may appear on the body and the fins may become frayed.
Scales may loosen and opportunistic bacteria may lead to secondary infections causing '''ulcerations and erosions'''.
Fish may show '''respiratory compromise''' from damage to the gills.
==Diagnosis==
'''Water quality''' parameters should be obtained for a base-line examination.
'''Skin scrapes''' of mucus from the skin surface may reveal rapidly spinning ciliated organisms.
'''Gill, fin and skin biopsies''' can also be examined and will reveal the organism.
==Treatment==
As the life cycle is direct, a '''single treatment''' is usually adequate.
'''Chemical treatment''' is most commonly used: a '''formalin''' bath or a salt bath, '''copper sulphate or potassium permanganate'''.
'''Flushing''' the system may help reduce infestation levels.
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Ornamental Fish Q&A 19]]
}}
==References==
Lim, C. (2001) '''Nutrition and Fish Health''' ''Routledge''
Rosenthal, K. (2008) '''Rapid review of exotic animal medicine and husbandry: pet mammals, birds''' ''Manson Publishing''
Leitritz, E. (1980 '''Trout and Salmon Culture''' ''ANR Publications''
Tucker, C. (1990) '''Channel Catfish Farming Handbook''' ''Springer''
[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
[[Category:To Do - Review]]
''Trichodina'' species are '''ciliated protozoan parasites''' of marine and freshwater species of fish. In large numbers they can cause '''skin and gill disease''' and can ultimately lead to the death of the fish.
The organisms are '''saucer-shaped''' and have a prominent denticular (tooth-like) internal cytoskeleton ring.
==Life Cycle==
Certain species of ''Trichodina'' live in '''salt, brackish or freshwater''' areas. Some have a preference for the gill, some for the skin, and some parasitise both.
''Trichodina'' species reproduce by '''simple binary fission'''. Most species are '''host specific''' and presumably spread from fish to fish by incidental contact between susceptible host fish, as well as through contact with the organism in the water column.
==Clinical Signs==
Infected fish may 'flash' in an attempt to scratch off the organisms. Superficial '''white lesions''' may appear on the body and the fins may become frayed.
Scales may loosen and opportunistic bacteria may lead to secondary infections causing '''ulcerations and erosions'''.
Fish may show '''respiratory compromise''' from damage to the gills.
==Diagnosis==
'''Water quality''' parameters should be obtained for a base-line examination.
'''Skin scrapes''' of mucus from the skin surface may reveal rapidly spinning ciliated organisms.
'''Gill, fin and skin biopsies''' can also be examined and will reveal the organism.
==Treatment==
As the life cycle is direct, a '''single treatment''' is usually adequate.
'''Chemical treatment''' is most commonly used: a '''formalin''' bath or a salt bath, '''copper sulphate or potassium permanganate'''.
'''Flushing''' the system may help reduce infestation levels.
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Ornamental Fish Q&A 19]]
}}
==References==
Lim, C. (2001) '''Nutrition and Fish Health''' ''Routledge''
Rosenthal, K. (2008) '''Rapid review of exotic animal medicine and husbandry: pet mammals, birds''' ''Manson Publishing''
Leitritz, E. (1980 '''Trout and Salmon Culture''' ''ANR Publications''
Tucker, C. (1990) '''Channel Catfish Farming Handbook''' ''Springer''
[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
[[Category:To Do - Review]]