Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The temporomandibular joint has a '''hinge-like function''' and is stable as a result of the close congruity between the condyloid process and the deep mandibular fossa. Bony processes prevent rostral and caudal condylar displacement.  

The [[Mastication#Temporomandibular Joint|temporomandibular joint]] has a '''hinge-like function''' and is stable as a result of the close congruity between the condyloid process and the deep mandibular fossa. Bony processes prevent rostral and caudal condylar displacement.  

A fibrocartilagenous meniscus is interposed between the articulating surfaces and divides the joint into two separate compartments.  

A fibrocartilagenous meniscus is interposed between the articulating surfaces and divides the joint into two separate compartments.  

Luxation occurs when there is traumatic '''overextension of the temporomandibular joint'''. It may occur as an isolated injury or be '''associated with other maxillofacial injuries'''.

Luxation occurs when there is traumatic '''overextension of the temporomandibular joint'''. It may occur as an isolated injury or be '''associated with other maxillofacial injuries'''. Generally the mandibular condyle luxates in a '''rostrodorsal direction'''. If it luxates caudally, luxation is usually associated with a fracture of the retroarticular process.

 

Generally the mandibular condyle luxates in a '''rostrodorsal direction'''. If it luxates caudally, luxation is usually associated with a fracture of the retroarticular process.

Luxation is usually '''unilateral''', but '''bilateral''' luxation can also occur.

Luxation is usually '''unilateral''', but '''bilateral''' luxation can also occur.

For the more common rostrodorsal luxation, the rostral mandible is pushed towards the side of the luxation, whereas for caudoventral luxations, the rostral mandible is pushed away from the side of the luxation.

For the more common rostrodorsal luxation, the rostral mandible is pushed towards the side of the luxation, whereas for caudoventral luxations, the rostral mandible is pushed away from the side of the luxation.

The mandible can be release after reduction and examination of the '''occlusion''' of the upper and lower canine teeth should be examined. Radiography can also be used to confirm reduction.

The mandible can be release after reduction and the '''occlusion''' of the upper and lower canine teeth should be examined. Radiography can also be used to confirm reduction.

A '''tape muzzle''' or '''interarcade wiring''' can be used after reduction for 1-2 weeks to prevent recurrence.  

A '''tape muzzle''' or '''interarcade wiring''' can be used after reduction for 1-2 weeks to prevent recurrence.  

With refractory or recurrent luxations, '''open reduction''' and suture imbrication of the joint capsule, or a '''mandibular condylectomy''', are indicated.

With refractory or recurrent luxations, '''open reduction''' and suture imbrication of the joint capsule, or a '''mandibular condylectomy''', are indicated.

'''NSAIDs''' should be administered for the pain and inflammation associated with the condition.

'''[[NSAIDs]]''' should be administered for the pain and inflammation associated with the condition.

{{Learning

{{Learning

Scott, H. (2007) '''Feline Orthopaedics''' ''Manson Publishing''

Scott, H. (2007) '''Feline Orthopaedics''' ''Manson Publishing''

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]

[[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]

[[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]