Changes

:'''overcrowding of the dental arch''', and permanent teeth in abnormal locations leading to malocclusion

:'''overcrowding of the dental arch''', and permanent teeth in abnormal locations leading to malocclusion

:abnormal development of the roots and periodontal support around the permanent tooth, leading to '''early loss'''

:abnormal development of the roots and periodontal support around the permanent tooth, leading to '''early loss'''

:access of debris and bacteria to the tooth sockets and development of '''periodontal disease''' and infection

:access of debris and bacteria to the tooth sockets and development of [[Periodontal Disease|'''periodontal disease''']] and infection

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

The teeth most commonly affected are the '''canines''', and the condition is often '''bilateral'''.

The teeth most commonly affected are the '''canines''', and the condition is often '''bilateral'''.

There will be additional teeth in the arcades, which appear crowded. The permanent teeth may be in an '''abnormal position''', and this may have lead to '''tooth, gingical or palatine trauma and damage'''.

There will be additional teeth in the arcades, which appear crowded. The permanent teeth may be in an '''abnormal position''', and this may have lead to '''tooth, gingival or palatine trauma and damage'''.

There may be '''traumatic pulpitis''' in the permanent dentition.

There may be '''traumatic pulpitis''' in the permanent dentition.

There is weakened periodontal attachment and '''periodontal disease''', often seen as gingivitis, tartar and loosening of the tooth.  

There is weakened periodontal attachment and '''periodontal disease''', often seen as [[gingivitis]], tartar and loosening of the tooth.  

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

A thorough '''oral examination''' should enable the persistent deciduous teeth to be found.

A thorough '''oral examination''' should enable the persistent deciduous teeth to be found.

'''Radiographs''' help distinguish deciduous from permanent dentition, determine the location of the developing permanent tooth/teeth, and the integrity of the deciduous tooth root structure.

'''Radiographs''' help distinguish deciduous from permanent dentition, determine the location of the developing permanent tooth/teeth, and the integrity of the deciduous [[Enamel Organ#Root|tooth root]] structure.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Niemiec, B. (2010) '''A colour handbook of small animal dental and oral maxillofacial disease''' ''Manson Publishing''

Niemiec, B. (2010) '''A colour handbook of small animal dental and oral maxillofacial disease''' ''Manson Publishing''

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

[[Category:Teeth - Developmental Pathology]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]