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− | * Protracted birth due to weak or absent uterine contractions.
| + | ==Introduction== |
| + | Uterine inertia describes the '''failure of the uterus''' to expel a foetus normally and is a common cause of [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|'''canine and feline dystocia''']]. |
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| + | Uterine inertia can be '''primary or secondary'''. |
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− | === Primary Uterine Inertia ===
| + | == Primary Uterine Inertia == |
| + | This describes the '''total or partial absence of contractions''' to expel a normal foetus through an unobstructed birth canal. |
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− | * Lack of Oxytocin Receptors
| + | Several causes have been found: |
− | * Lack or failure of Oxytocin release
| + | :'''Breed predisposition''' |
− | * Lack or failure in Prostaglandin release
| + | :'''Large litter''' overstretching the uterus |
− | * Obesity and lack of excercise in bitches. The small foetus cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Fergusson reflex]].
| + | :'''Small litter''' not stimulating the uterus enough. Small foetuses cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Fergusson reflex]]. |
− | * Foetus is too small, or not entering cervix.
| + | :'''Systemic disease''': Obesity and lack of excercise, hypocalcaemia, septicaemia. |
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| + | Complete primary uterine inertia occurs if '''2nd stage labour''' does not begin. Partial inertia occurs if the 2nd stage begins but contractions soon fail. |
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− | === Secondary Uterine Inertia ===
| + | == Secondary Uterine Inertia == |
| + | Uterine muscles become '''exhausted after prolonged contractio'''n against an obstructing or oversized foetus or during birth of a large litter. There is usually subclinical '''hypocalcaemia and/or hypoglycaemia'''. |
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| + | This can occur in the sow, bitch and guinea pig. |
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| + | <big>'''See also: [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|Dystocia in the Dog and Cat]]'''</big> |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 12]] |
| + | }} |
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| + | ==References== |
| + | Pasquini, C. (1999) '''Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics''' ''Sudz Publishing'' |
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| + | Slatter, D. (2002) '''Textbook of small animal surgery''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' |
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| + | Noakes, D. (2001) '''Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' |
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| + | [[Category:To Do - Helen]] |
| + | [[Category:To Do - Review]] |
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− | * Dystocia with subsequent muscle failure
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− | * Large number or size of offspring causes the uterine muscle to become stretched and fatigued.
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− | * Common in sow, bitch and guinea pig
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| [[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]] | | [[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]] |
| [[Category:To Do - Clinical]] | | [[Category:To Do - Clinical]] |