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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Pulmonary thromboembolism describes the '''occlusion of pulmonary vessels by a clot'''. It has usually arisen from the systemic venous circulation, embolises to the pulmonary circulation and causes obstruction of the arterial supply to an area of the lung. This results in '''ventilation perfusion mismatch''' occurring where there are areas of the lung which continue to be ventilated but do not receive adequate blood supply. This can result in '''severe hypoxia''' and marked signs of respiratory distress if the area of underperfused but ventilated lung is large.
Pulmonary thromboembolism describes the '''occlusion of pulmonary vessels by a clot'''. It has usually arisen from the systemic venous circulation, embolises to the pulmonary circulation and causes obstruction of the arterial supply to an area of the lung. This results in '''ventilation perfusion mismatch''' occurring where there are areas of the lung which continue to be ventilated but do not receive adequate blood supply. This can result in '''severe hypoxia''' and marked signs of respiratory distress if the area of underperfused but ventilated lung is large.
'''Causes''' of pulmonary thromboembolism include:
'''Causes''' of pulmonary thromboembolism include:
:'''Cardiac disease''': ''[[Dirofilaria immitis]]'', [[Dilated Cardiomyopathy|dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[Mitral Valve Dysplasia|chronic mitral valve insufficiency]], [[Endocarditis|endocarditis]]
:'''Cardiac disease''': ''[[Dirofilaria immitis]]'', [[Dilated Cardiomyopathy|dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease|chronic mitral valve insufficiency]], [[Endocarditis|endocarditis]]
:'''Neoplasia''': [[lymphosarcoma]], bronchoalveolar carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma
:'''Neoplasia''': [[lymphosarcoma]], bronchoalveolar carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma
:'''[[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]]'''
:'''[[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]]'''
'''Nuclear perfusion scintigraphy''' is a safe and sensitive test and will detect if there is a lack of perfusion of part of the lung.
'''Nuclear perfusion scintigraphy''' is a safe and sensitive test and will detect if there is a lack of perfusion of part of the lung.
'''Lung Ultrasound''' may reveal wedge shaped defects on the air-chest wall interface. Found to be 43% sensitive and 98% specific in a multi-center human trial compared to CT. <ref>[http://www.slideshare.net/basselericsoussi/thoracic-ultrasound-for-diagnosing-pulmonary-embolism Thoracic ultrasound for diagnosing pulmonary embolism slide share] (''accessed June 2016'')</ref>
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
==References==
==References==
<references />
Pasquini, C. (1999) '''Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics''' ''Sudz Publishing''
Pasquini, C. (1999) '''Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics''' ''Sudz Publishing''
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[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Vascular Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Vascular Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cat]]
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cat]]
[[Category:Vascular Diseases - Cat]]
[[Category:Vascular Diseases - Cat]]
[[Category:||Expert Review - Small Animal]]
[[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]
[[Category:Lungs - Circulatory Pathology]]
[[Category:Lungs - Circulatory Pathology]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular System - Vascular Pathology]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular System - Vascular Pathology]]
[[Category:Cardiology Section]]