Changes

This section only covers the intrinsic causes or ARF, as pre- and post-renal failure are very different disease processes.  

This section only covers the intrinsic causes or ARF, as pre- and post-renal failure are very different disease processes.  

'''[[Toxicology|Toxic injury]]''' is the most common cause. Toxins such as '''aminoglycosides, [[Ethylene Glycol Toxicity|ethylene glycol]], [[NSAIDs|NSAIDs]], [[House Plant Toxicity|easter lillies]] and ACE-inhibitors''' can all cause renal failure. Some toxic agents act directly on tubular cells, some act on the haemodynamics of the kidney, whilst others cause damage by precipitating within the tubules.  

'''[[Toxicology|Toxic injury]]''' is the most common cause. Drugs such as '''aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones, amphotericine , [[NSAIDs|NSAIDs]], and ACE-inhibitors''' are known to cause acute renal failure.  [[Ethylene Glycol Toxicity|Ethylene glycol]], [[House Plant Toxicity|easter lillies]], Hemotoxic snake venoms etc. contribute to toxic ARF. However, the access to different kinds of toxins varies as per geographic distribution. Some toxic agents act directly on tubular cells, some act on the haemodynamics of the kidney, whilst others cause damage by precipitating within the tubules.  

'''[[Ischaemia|Ischaemic injury]]''' is also common, especially following hospitalisation. It is therefore essential to monitor the fluid therapy requirements of hospital patients, especially peri- and post-operatively to prevent pre-renal [[Azotaemia|azotaemia]] and subsequent ischaemia.  

'''[[Ischaemia|Ischaemic injury]]''' is also common, especially following hospitalisation. It is therefore essential to monitor the fluid therapy requirements of hospital patients, especially peri- and post-operatively to prevent pre-renal [[Azotaemia|azotaemia]] and subsequent ischaemia.