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11 bytes added ,  10:34, 4 May 2012
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Cytokines primarily produced by '''macrophages''':
 
Cytokines primarily produced by '''macrophages''':
 
*GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor)- stimulates growth and differentiation of granulocytes, macrophages, [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] and eosinophils
 
*GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor)- stimulates growth and differentiation of granulocytes, macrophages, [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] and eosinophils
*IL-1- stimulates Th2 cells and acute phase response
+
*IL-1 - stimulates Th2 cells and acute phase response
*IL-6- stimulates growth and differentiation of B and T cells and acute phase response
+
*IL-6 - stimulates growth and differentiation of B and T cells and acute phase response
*IL-12- stimulates Th1 cells
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*IL-12 - stimulates Th1 cells
*IL-18- stimulates IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, favours Th1 response
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*IL-18 - stimulates IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, favours Th1 response
*TNF-α- stimulates local inflammation and endothelial activation
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*TNF-α - stimulates local inflammation and endothelial activation
 
Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th1 cells''':
 
Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th1 cells''':
*IL-2- stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, activates NK cells and macrophages
+
*IL-2 - stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, activates NK cells and macrophages
*IFN-γ- activates macrophages, increases expression of MHC I and II molecules, increases antigen presentation
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*IFN-γ - activates macrophages, increases expression of MHC I and II molecules, increases antigen presentation
*TNF-β- stimlulates killing mechanisms in T and B cells and endothelial activation
+
*TNF-β - stimlulates killing mechanisms in T and B cells and endothelial activation
 
Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th2 cells''':
 
Cytokines primarily produced by '''Th2 cells''':
*IL-4- activates B cells and [[IgE]] switch, supresses Th1 cells
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*IL-4 - activates B cells and [[IgE]] switch, supresses Th1 cells
*IL-5- stimulates eosinophil growth and differentiation
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*IL-5 - stimulates eosinophil growth and differentiation
*IL-10- suppresses macrophage functions
+
*IL-10 - suppresses macrophage functions
 
Although [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] produce a lower amount of cytokines per cell than other immune cell types, they are often the first and most common cell type present at sites of infection. This makes them a physiologically important source of cytokines, such as IL-12.
 
Although [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] produce a lower amount of cytokines per cell than other immune cell types, they are often the first and most common cell type present at sites of infection. This makes them a physiologically important source of cytokines, such as IL-12.
  
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