Changes

[[Image:PRRs.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pattern Recognition Receptors - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]

[[Image:PRRs.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pattern Recognition Receptors - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]

* The innate immune system recognises components of pathogens which are intrinsically foreign (i.e. not present on normal mammalian cells), such as:

The innate immune system recognises components of pathogens which are intrinsically foreign (i.e. not present on normal mammalian cells), such as:

**Lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria

**Lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria

**Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria

**Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria

**Mannose sugars

**Mannose sugars

**D-isoform amino acids

**D-isoform amino acids

*These are given away as foreign by expressing '''pathogen-associated molecular patterns''' (PAMPs)

These are known to the body as foreign as they are expressed as '''pathogen-associated molecular patterns''' (PAMPs)

* PAMPs are recognised by '''pattern recognition receptors''' (PRRs) expressed on mammalian cells

* PAMPs are recognised by '''pattern recognition receptors''' (PRRs) expressed on mammalian cells

** Pattern recognition receptors are expressed on many different cell types, not just on phagocytes

** Pattern recognition receptors are expressed on many different cell types, not just on phagocytes

| Carbohydrates, all bacteria, dead cells

| Carbohydrates, all bacteria, dead cells

|-

|-

| fmlf

| fMLP

| Soluble

| Soluble

| Formyl peptides (i.e. all bacteria)

| Formyl peptides (i.e. all bacteria)