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*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes dysentery
*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes dysentery
*Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC):
*Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC):
**General:
** Contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves, also known as enteric colibacillosis
** Contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves, also known as enteric colibacillosis
**Causes scours in pigs, calves and lambs
**Causes scours in pigs, calves and lambs
**'Traveller's diarrhoea' in humans
**'Traveller's diarrhoea' in humans
**Pathogenesis:
**Oral infection, intestinal colonisation and toxin production
**Oral infection, intestinal colonisation and toxin production
**Fimbrial antigen or colonisation factor antigens (CFAs)determine species specificity
**Fimbrial antigen or colonisation factor antigens (CFAs)determine species specificity
**This causes irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase in target cells
**This causes irreversible activation of adenylate cyclase in target cells
**This raises the cAMP level and causes hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the small intestine and inhibits reabsorption of sodium
**This raises the cAMP level and causes hypersecretion of water and chloride ions into the lumen of the small intestine and inhibits reabsorption of sodium
**Clinical signs:
**The gut becomes distended with fluid and a [[Intestines - diarrhoea#Secretory Diarrhoeas|secretory diarrhoea]] which lasts several days results
**The gut becomes distended with fluid and a [[Intestines - diarrhoea#Secretory Diarrhoeas|secretory diarrhoea]] which lasts several days results
**Watery diarrhoea, dehydration, acidosis, death
**Immunuty:
**LT is antigenic
**LT is antigenic
**Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen
**Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen