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**Invasive potential of certain strains e.e ''Salmonella'' Dublin associated with carriage of a large plasmid, encoding genes to allow intracellular survival in macrophages and also to allow iron acquisition
**Invasive potential of certain strains e.e ''Salmonella'' Dublin associated with carriage of a large plasmid, encoding genes to allow intracellular survival in macrophages and also to allow iron acquisition
**''Salmonellae'' are facultative intracellular organisms, allowing them to move from the gut in macrophages and cause a bacteraemia and lesions throughout the body
**''Salmonellae'' are facultative intracellular organisms, allowing them to move from the gut in macrophages and cause a bacteraemia and lesions throughout the body
**Possession of Pathogenicity islands associated with virulence
**Possession of Pathogenicity Islands associated with virulence
*Carriage:
**''Salmonellae'' can persist in the gut or gall bladder
**Excreted in faeces after clinical signs disappeared - active carriage
**Bacteria can survive intracellularly, avioding the immune system and antimicrobials
**May have latent carriage and intermittent excretion in faeces
**Stress promotes excretion in carrier animals
**Tortoises, terrapins, snakes and other reptiles ofter carry ''Salmonellae''
**Asymptomatic carriage allows faecal spread of infection
===Clinical infections===
===Clinical infections===
*Zoonotic
*Some serotypes are host-specific, some are not
*Some serotypes are host-specific, some are not
*''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry
*''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry
*''S.'' Abortus-equi: infects horses outside of the UK
*''S.'' Abortus-equi: infects horses outside of the UK
*''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans
*''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans
*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle
===Diagnosis===
===Diagnosis===