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*Clinical outcome depends on number of bacteria ingested, virulence of serotype, susceptibility of host
*Clinical outcome depends on number of bacteria ingested, virulence of serotype, susceptibility of host
*Young and debilitated animals susceptible
*Young and debilitated animals susceptible
*''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry
*''Salmonella'' serotypes:
*''S. enteritidis'': non species-specific; losses in young birds; causes food poisoning in humans
**''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry
*''S.'' Dublin: invasive serovar; infects cattle
**''S. enteritidis'': non species-specific; losses in young birds; causes food poisoning in humans
*''S.'' Cholerae-Suis: primarily infects pigs; also causes severe human disease
**''S.'' Dublin: invasive serovar; infects cattle
*''S.'' Pullorum: infects poultry; egg-transmitted; causes bacillary white diarrhoea, known as pullorum disease
**''S.'' Cholerae-Suis: primarily infects pigs; also causes severe human disease
*''S.'' Gallinarum: infectes older birds; known as howl typhoid
**''S.'' Pullorum: infects poultry; egg-transmitted; causes bacillary white diarrhoea, known as pullorum disease
*''S.'' Pullorum and ''S.'' Gallinarum now rare in UK due to eradication programs including the Pullorum test (whole blood slide agglutination to detect antibody to both ''S.'' Pullorum and ''S'' Gallinarum
**''S.'' Gallinarum: infectes older birds; known as howl typhoid
*''S.'' Abortis-ovis: infects sheep
**''S.'' Pullorum and ''S.'' Gallinarum now rare in UK due to eradication programs including the Pullorum test (whole blood slide agglutination to detect antibody to both ''S.'' Pullorum and ''S'' Gallinarum
*''S.'' Abortus-equi: infects horses outside of the UK
**''S.'' Abortis-ovis: infects sheep
*''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans
**''S.'' Abortus-equi: infects horses outside of the UK
**''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans
*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle
*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle
*Enteric and septicaemic forms of salmonellosis
*Enteric salmonellosis:
**Enterocolitis occurs in most farm animal species affecting all ages
**[[Intestines - Ulcerative Enteritis|ulcerative enteritis]]
**Fever, depression, anorexia, foul-smelling diarrhoea containing blood, mucus and epithelial casts
**Dehydration and weight loss
**Abortion
**Fatal within days in severely young animals
**Milder syndrome where endemic on farms, possibly due to acquired immunity
**Chronic enterocolitis can occur in surviving pigs, cattle, horses, causing intermittent fever, soft faeces and gradual weight loss
*Septicaemic salmonellosis:
**Most common in calves, neonatal foals, pigs under one month
**Sudden onset fever, depression, recumbency
**Die within 48 hours if not treated
**Persistent diarrhoea, meningitis, arthritis or pneumonia may occur in surviving animals
**Can cause in [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|Osteomyelitis]]
**Found in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
**Can cause haemorrhagic disease by [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]]
*Bovine [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]]:
*Bovine [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]]:
**Syndrome of fever and diarrhoea (with dysentery), often fatal, in calves and adult cattle
**Syndrome of fever and diarrhoea (with dysentery), often fatal, in calves and adult cattle
**An important zoonosis and reportable
**An important zoonosis and reportable
**Carrier animals important for spread
**Carrier animals important for spread
===Diagnosis===
===Diagnosis===