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*Most motile with flagellae (H antigen)
*Most motile with flagellae (H antigen)
*H antigen can be in phase 1 or phase 2, depending on a genetic switch allowing for one of the H antigen genes to be transcribed at any one time
*H antigen can be in phase 1 or phase 2, depending on a genetic switch allowing for one of the H antigen genes to be transcribed at any one time
===Classification===
===Classification===
**Die within 48 hours if not treated
**Die within 48 hours if not treated
**Persistent diarrhoea, meningitis, arthritis or pneumonia may occur in surviving animals
**Persistent diarrhoea, meningitis, arthritis or pneumonia may occur in surviving animals
**Found in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
**Found in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
**Can cause haemorrhagic disease by [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]]
**Can cause haemorrhagic disease by [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Secondary Thrombocytopenic Disease|secondary thrombocytopenic disease]]
**Septicaemia in neonates; accute enteritis in older calves
**Septicaemia in neonates; accute enteritis in older calves
**Caused by infection with various ''Salmonella'' serotypes, e.g. ''S.'' Dublin and ''S.'' Typhimurium
**Caused by infection with various ''Salmonella'' serotypes, e.g. ''S.'' Dublin and ''S.'' Typhimurium
**An important zoonosis and reportable
**An important zoonosis and reportable
**Carrier animals important for spread
**Carrier animals important for spread
**''Salmonella'' Dublin:
***Causes enterocolitis with blood-stained, foul-smelling diarrhoea containing mucus and epithelial cells
***Can cause fatal septicaemia - fever, depression, drop in milk yield; calves may develope arthritis, meningitis, pneumonia
***Abortion with no other clinical signs
***Chronic infections with ''S.'' Dublin in calves cause dry gangrene of extremities due to disseminated intravascular coagulation
***Can cause [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|Osteomyelitis]] in young animals
***Most survivors become subclinical excretors
***May become latent carriers with no excretion
*Salmonellosis in poultry:
*Salmonellosis in poultry:
**''S.'' Pullorum and ''S.'' Gallinarum now rare in UK due to eradication programs including the Pullorum test (whole blood slide agglutination to detect antibody to both ''S.'' Pullorum and ''S'' Gallinarum)
**''S.'' Pullorum and ''S.'' Gallinarum now rare in UK due to eradication programs including the Pullorum test (whole blood slide agglutination to detect antibody to both ''S.'' Pullorum and ''S'' Gallinarum)