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| ===''Nocardia''=== | | ===''Nocardia''=== |
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| + | *Facultative intracellular bacterium |
| *Aerobic short branching rods | | *Aerobic short branching rods |
| *Non-motile | | *Non-motile |
− | *Spores from aerial filaments | + | *Spores from aerial filaments when cultured |
| *Grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar | | *Grow on Sabouraud dextrose agar |
| *Cell wall contains mycolic acids (hence slightly acid fast) | | *Cell wall contains mycolic acids (hence slightly acid fast) |
− | *''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil | + | *''Nocardia asteroides'' found in soil and decaying vegetation - saprophytic |
| + | *Opportunistic infection of immunocompromised animals |
| + | *Infection via inhalation, wounds or teat canal; also ingestion |
| *Causes granulomatous lesions in animals | | *Causes granulomatous lesions in animals |
− | *Involved in [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis]] and [[Bacterial infections#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] in dogs | + | *Canine nocardiosis: cutaneous pyogranulomas; [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis]]; [[Bacterial infections#Nocardiosis|pleuritis]] and pyothorax; disseminated lesions |
| + | *Cattle: chronic mastitis; abortion |
| + | *Pigs: abortion |
| + | *Sheep, goats, horses: wound infections; mastitis; pneumonia |
| *Survives and multiplies in macrophages | | *Survives and multiplies in macrophages |
− | *Lesions in thoracic cavity, skin and other tissues | + | *Superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as a thick peptidoglycan wall prevent activity of phagocytes |
| *Chronic, progressive disease | | *Chronic, progressive disease |
| *Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins) | | *Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins) |
| + | *Cell-mediated immunity required |
| + | *''Nocardia farcinica'' causes bovine farcy |
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