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==Description==

==Introduction==

[[Image:Islet cell tumour.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Islet cell tumour (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]

[[Image:Islet cell tumour.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Islet cell tumour (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]

'''Insulinomas''' are slow growing, well-encapsulated, functional tumours of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|beta cells]] of the pancreatic islets.  They secrete inappropriately high amounts of [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|insulin]], irrespective of the serum glucose concentration.  They are often malignant, with a high metastatic rate to regional lymph nodes, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and omentum.  60% of insulinomas are carcinomas, which are more likely to be endocrinologically active whereas the others are adenomas.

'''Insulinomas''' are slow growing, well-encapsulated, functional tumours of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|beta cells]] of the pancreatic islets.  They secrete inappropriately high amounts of [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Insulin|insulin]], irrespective of the serum glucose concentration.  They are often malignant, with a high metastatic rate to regional lymph nodes, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and omentum.  60% of insulinomas are carcinomas, which are more likely to be endocrinologically active whereas the others are adenomas.

This is related to the WHO stage of the tumour at diagnosis.  An animal with a stage I and II neoplastic process could expect a median survival time of 18 months but this falls to only 6 months for an animal with stage III disease.  Patients which undergo surgery to remove an insulinoma have a better prognosis than those treated medically but the condition will recur invariably after surgical removal.  Those animals which show a recurrence of clinical signs after surgery may then be treated medically, an approach that produces a significant increase in median survival time (from approximately 2 years to 4 years).

This is related to the WHO stage of the tumour at diagnosis.  An animal with a stage I and II neoplastic process could expect a median survival time of 18 months but this falls to only 6 months for an animal with stage III disease.  Patients which undergo surgery to remove an insulinoma have a better prognosis than those treated medically but the condition will recur invariably after surgical removal.  Those animals which show a recurrence of clinical signs after surgery may then be treated medically, an approach that produces a significant increase in median survival time (from approximately 2 years to 4 years).

[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]

|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Insulinoma&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=44&y=8&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Insulinoma publications]

 

 

[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Insulinoma&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=44&y=8&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all Insulinoma publications]

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Pancreas_-_Hyperplastic_and_Neoplastic_Pathology]][[Category:Endocrine_System_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:Pancreas_-_Hyperplastic_and_Neoplastic_Pathology]][[Category:Endocrine_System_-_Pathology]]