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| *Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species | | *Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species |
| *''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[General Pathology - Haemorrhage|Dysentery|dysentery]] | | *''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[General Pathology - Haemorrhage|Dysentery|dysentery]] |
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| *'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''': | | *'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''': |
| **General: | | **General: |
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| ***Parenteral vaccination of pigs and cattle protects offspring from scours via antibody production in the colostrum (passive immunity) | | ***Parenteral vaccination of pigs and cattle protects offspring from scours via antibody production in the colostrum (passive immunity) |
| ***ST is not immunogenic; it is small, with only 19 amino acids | | ***ST is not immunogenic; it is small, with only 19 amino acids |
− | *Enteropathogenic ''E. coli'' (EPEC): | + | |
− | **Attching and effacing strains of ''E. coli'' | + | |
| + | *'''Enteropathogenic ''E. coli'' (EPEC)''': |
| + | **Attaching and effacing strains of ''E. coli'' |
| **Attach to small intestinal epithelial cells and cause necrosis of enterocytes and stunting and fusion of villi | | **Attach to small intestinal epithelial cells and cause necrosis of enterocytes and stunting and fusion of villi |
| **Possess ''E. coli'' adherence factor plasmid | | **Possess ''E. coli'' adherence factor plasmid |
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| **Intracellular calcium levels increase and production of protein kinase C causes loss of chloride ions and water from the intestinal epithelial cells | | **Intracellular calcium levels increase and production of protein kinase C causes loss of chloride ions and water from the intestinal epithelial cells |
| **Diarrhoea results | | **Diarrhoea results |
− | *Enteroinvasive ''E. coli'': | + | |
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| + | *'''Enteroinvasive ''E. coli''''': |
| **Cause colisepticaemia in calves during their first week of life; occasionally in lambs, piglets and puppies | | **Cause colisepticaemia in calves during their first week of life; occasionally in lambs, piglets and puppies |
| **Infection via ingestion or umbilicus; inadequate colostrum increases susceptibility | | **Infection via ingestion or umbilicus; inadequate colostrum increases susceptibility |
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| **Abscesses, pneumonia in long term | | **Abscesses, pneumonia in long term |
| **Death occurs in absense of treatment | | **Death occurs in absense of treatment |
− | *Enterohaemorrhagic ''E. coli'': | + | |
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| + | *'''Enterohaemorrhagic ''E. coli''''': |
| **Possibly carried by cattle | | **Possibly carried by cattle |
| **Produce shiga-like toxin, a vero toxin | | **Produce shiga-like toxin, a vero toxin |
| **Plasmid-coded fimbriae important for virulence | | **Plasmid-coded fimbriae important for virulence |
− | **Intimin produced allowing intimate attchment to intestinal epithelial cells | + | **Intimin produced allowing intimate attachment to intestinal epithelial cells |
| **Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive | | **Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive |
| **Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production | | **Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production |
| **Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombus formation | | **Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombus formation |
| **''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans | | **''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans |
− | *Cytotoxin necrotising factor-producing ''E. coli'' | + | |
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| + | *'''Cytotoxin necrotising factor-producing ''E. coli''''' |
| **Infrequently cause diarrhoea in calves, pigs and humans | | **Infrequently cause diarrhoea in calves, pigs and humans |
| **Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae | | **Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae |
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| + | <big><center>[[Enterobacteriaceae|'''BACK TO ENTEROBACTERIACEAE''']]</center></big> |
| + | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> |
| + | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> |