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*Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species
 
*Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species
 
*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[General Pathology - Haemorrhage|Dysentery|dysentery]]
 
*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[General Pathology - Haemorrhage|Dysentery|dysentery]]
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*'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''':
 
*'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''':
 
**General:
 
**General:
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***Parenteral vaccination of pigs and cattle protects offspring from scours via antibody production in the colostrum (passive immunity)
 
***Parenteral vaccination of pigs and cattle protects offspring from scours via antibody production in the colostrum (passive immunity)
 
***ST is not immunogenic; it is small, with only 19 amino acids
 
***ST is not immunogenic; it is small, with only 19 amino acids
*Enteropathogenic ''E. coli'' (EPEC):
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**Attching and effacing strains of ''E. coli''
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*'''Enteropathogenic ''E. coli'' (EPEC)''':
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**Attaching and effacing strains of ''E. coli''
 
**Attach to small intestinal epithelial cells and cause necrosis of enterocytes and stunting and fusion of villi
 
**Attach to small intestinal epithelial cells and cause necrosis of enterocytes and stunting and fusion of villi
 
**Possess ''E. coli'' adherence factor plasmid
 
**Possess ''E. coli'' adherence factor plasmid
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**Intracellular calcium levels increase and production of protein kinase C causes loss of chloride ions and water from the intestinal epithelial cells
 
**Intracellular calcium levels increase and production of protein kinase C causes loss of chloride ions and water from the intestinal epithelial cells
 
**Diarrhoea results
 
**Diarrhoea results
*Enteroinvasive ''E. coli'':
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*'''Enteroinvasive ''E. coli''''':
 
**Cause colisepticaemia in calves during their first week of life; occasionally in lambs, piglets and puppies
 
**Cause colisepticaemia in calves during their first week of life; occasionally in lambs, piglets and puppies
 
**Infection via ingestion or umbilicus; inadequate colostrum increases susceptibility
 
**Infection via ingestion or umbilicus; inadequate colostrum increases susceptibility
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**Abscesses, pneumonia in long term
 
**Abscesses, pneumonia in long term
 
**Death occurs in absense of treatment
 
**Death occurs in absense of treatment
*Enterohaemorrhagic ''E. coli'':
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*'''Enterohaemorrhagic ''E. coli''''':
 
**Possibly carried by cattle
 
**Possibly carried by cattle
 
**Produce shiga-like toxin, a vero toxin
 
**Produce shiga-like toxin, a vero toxin
 
**Plasmid-coded fimbriae important for virulence
 
**Plasmid-coded fimbriae important for virulence
**Intimin produced allowing intimate attchment to intestinal epithelial cells
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**Intimin produced allowing intimate attachment to intestinal epithelial cells
 
**Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive
 
**Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive
 
**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production
 
**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production
 
**Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombus formation  
 
**Disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombus formation  
 
**''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans
 
**''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans
*Cytotoxin necrotising factor-producing ''E. coli''
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*'''Cytotoxin necrotising factor-producing ''E. coli'''''
 
**Infrequently cause diarrhoea in calves, pigs and humans
 
**Infrequently cause diarrhoea in calves, pigs and humans
 
**Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae
 
**Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae
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<big><center>[[Enterobacteriaceae|'''BACK TO ENTEROBACTERIACEAE''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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