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Lizards and snakes are different to mammals in several aspects of nitrogenous excretion. Uric acid is the primary catabolic end-product of protein, nonprotein nitrogen and purines in reptiles. It is synthesised in the liver and excreted by renal tubular secretion.  

Lizards and snakes are different to mammals in several aspects of nitrogenous excretion. Uric acid is the primary catabolic end-product of protein, nonprotein nitrogen and purines in reptiles. It is synthesised in the liver and excreted by renal tubular secretion.  

* Fluid is pumped from the contents of the colon by osmotic forces.  

* Fluid is pumped from the contents of the colon by osmotic forces.  

==Literature Search==

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|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093069451.pdf ''' Reptile and amphibian renal systems.''' Wyneken, J.; Mader, D.; Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, Chester Heights, USA, Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, 14th Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 14-18 April, 2007, 2007, pp 62-68, 13 ref.]

Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).

* Mader, D.R. (2005). ''Reptile Medicine and Surgery''. Saunders. pp. 1264. ISBN 072169327X

[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093069451.pdf ''' Reptile and amphibian renal systems.''' Wyneken, J.; Mader, D.; Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, Chester Heights, USA, Proceedings of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians, 14th Annual Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 14-18 April, 2007, 2007, pp 62-68, 13 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']

 

[[Category:Lizard_Physiology]]

[[Category:Lizard_Physiology]]

[[Category:Snake Physiology]]

[[Category:Snake Physiology]]