Changes

===Scapula===

===Scapula===

The scapular is roughly triangular in shape and flat. It lies against the thoracic wall in a cranioventral direction. It does not form a true articulation with the trunk, instead forming a '''synsarcosis'''; meaning it is attached by only muscles. The horse lacks an acromion, it has a '''tuber scapular''' half way along the spine. The scapular cartilage is reasonably extensive compared to other species.

The scapular is roughly triangular in shape and flat. It lies against the thoracic wall in a cranioventral direction. It does not form a true articulation with the trunk, instead forming a '''synsarcosis'''; meaning it is attached by only muscle. The dorsal border points towards the spinal column and joins the scapular cartilage. The scapular cartilage is crescent shaped, enlarging the area of attachment for muscles of the scapula as well as acting as a shock absorber. This cartilage ossifies, thus becomes more brittle, with age. In the horse, the cartilage extends caudally to the level of the withers; which is extensive compared with other species.

 

The spine of the scapular ends in a bony prominence ventrally, known as the '''acromion'''. In the horse, this structure becomes smaller distally. A second bony prominence, the '''tuberosity''', exists dorsal to the middle of the scapular spine.

 

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