Changes

::Superficial - Greater trochanter

::Superficial - Greater trochanter

:'''Action''': Poweful hip extensor, retracts and abducts the limb. Transfers the power of the hindlimb to the trunk, allowing the horse to rear up.

:'''Action''': Poweful hip extensor, retracts and abducts the limb. Transfers the power of the hindlimb to the trunk, allowing the horse to rear up.

'''''Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata'''''

'''''Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata'''''

'''''Biceps Femoris'''''

'''''Biceps Femoris'''''

 

: Largest and most lateral of the caudal thigh muscles. It lies very superficially, covered only by fascia and skin. The biceps are comprised of two parts, a strong cranial ('''vertebral head''') and smaller caudal part ('''pelvic head''').

The biceps originate from the vertebral head which is a spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae, and also from the caudal border of the sacrotuberous ligament and the ischial tuberosity. The two bellies of the '''biceps''' then unite and redivide into three parts that form an extensive aponeurosis. The cranial branch of the aponeurosis inserts just distal to the third trochanter on the caudal aspect of the femur, to the patella and to the lateral patellar ligament. The middle branch inserts onto the crural fascia, the lateral patellar ligament and the cranial aspect of the tibia. The caudal branch radiates into the crural fascia and forms the tarsal tendon. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the calcaneus.

::Cranial: Spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae, caudal border of the sacrotuberous ligament  

::Caudal: Ischial tuberosity

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies then unite and redivide into three parts that form an extensive aponeurosis.

::Cranial - Just distal to the third trochanter on the lateral aspect of the femur, patella, patellar ligament

::Middle - Crural fascia, patella, lateral patellar ligament, cranial aspect of the tibia  

::Caudal - Radiates into the crural fascia and forms the '''tarsal tendon''. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the calcaneus.

:'''Action''': Generally extends and abducts the limb.  The cranial (vertebral) part extends the hip and stifle. The caudal (pelvic) part extends the hip but flexes the stifle. It also helps extend the tarsus through its attachment via the '''tarsal tendon''' on the calcaneus.

'''''Semitendinosus'''''

'''''Semitendinosus'''''

 

The semitendinous muscle originates from various points including; the pelvic head,  the ventral aspect of ischial tuberosity, the sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae and the sacrotuberous ligament. The two bellies of the '''semitendinous''' then unite and run as a flat tendon to the medial side of the leg. It then partially fans out into the crural fascia and partially inserts onto the cranial aspect of the tibia. The remaining tendon joins the tarsal tendon.  

The semitendinous muscle originates from various points including; the pelvic head,  the ventral aspect of ischial tuberosity, the sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae and the sacrotuberous ligament. The two bellies of the '''semitendinous''' then unite and run as a flat tendon to the medial side of the leg. It then partially fans out into the crural fascia and partially inserts onto the cranial aspect of the tibia. The remaining tendon joins the tarsal tendon.  

'''''Semimembranosus'''''

'''''Semimembranosus'''''

 

The semimembranous also originates from various points including the vertebral head (sacrotuberous ligament), 1st caudal vertebrae, pelvic head and the ventral aspect of ischial tuberosity. The two bellies of the muscle then unite and insert at three places; the medial femoral condyle via a short tendon, the medial collateral ligament of the femerotibial joint and to the medial condyle of the tibia via an aponeurosis.  

The semimembranous also originates from various points including the vertebral head (sacrotuberous ligament), 1st caudal vertebrae, pelvic head and the ventral aspect of ischial tuberosity. The two bellies of the muscle then unite and insert at three places; the medial femoral condyle via a short tendon, the medial collateral ligament of the femerotibial joint and to the medial condyle of the tibia via an aponeurosis.  

'''''Sartorius'''''

'''''Sartorius'''''

 

The sartorius muscle originates from the iliac fascia and the tendon of the '''psoas minor'''. It inserts via the medial patellar ligament, crural fascia and the tibial tuberosity.  

The sartorius muscle originates from the iliac fascia and the tendon of the '''psoas minor'''. It inserts via the medial patellar ligament, crural fascia and the tibial tuberosity.  

'''''Gracilis'''''

'''''Gracilis'''''

 

The gracilis originates from  the accessory ligament of the femoral head.  

The gracilis originates from  the accessory ligament of the femoral head.  

'''''Adductor Muscles'''''

'''''Adductor Muscles'''''

 

The equine adductor muscles are formed from a short adductor and a greater adductor. They both insert along the entire medial aspect of the femur from the lesser trochanter to the medial condyles and the medial collateral stifle ligament.

The equine adductor muscles are formed from a short adductor and a greater adductor. They both insert along the entire medial aspect of the femur from the lesser trochanter to the medial condyles and the medial collateral stifle ligament.

'''''Internal Obturator'''''

'''''Internal Obturator'''''

 

The internal obturator originates from the cranial and medial border of the obturator foramen, the pelvic symphysis and pelvic aspect of the body of the ilium. It inserts on the trochantic fossa having passed over the lesser sciatic notch.

The internal obturator originates from the cranial and medial border of the obturator foramen, the pelvic symphysis and pelvic aspect of the body of the ilium. It inserts on the trochantic fossa having passed over the lesser sciatic notch.

<br />

<br />