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| | ====[[Muscles of the Shoulder- Horse Anatomy|Muscles of the Shoulder]]==== | | ====[[Muscles of the Shoulder- Horse Anatomy|Muscles of the Shoulder]]==== |
| | | | |
| − | These muscles are grouped:
| + | ====[[Muscles of the Elbow- Horse Anatomy|Muscles of the Elbow]]==== |
| − | | |
| − | ====='''Lateral'''===== | |
| − | | |
| − | '''''Supraspinatus '''''
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| − | :'''Innervation''':Suprascapular n. of the brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Lesser and greater tubercles of the humerus
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| − | :'''Action''': Extends and braces the shoulder
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| − | | |
| − | '''''Infraspinatus'''''
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| − | :'''Innervation''':Suprascapular n. of the brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': Supraspinatous fossa and spine of the scapula
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Tendon of insertion bifurcates into a deep part and a superficial part.
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| − | :: Deep - Greater tubercle of the humerus
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| − | :: Superficial - Lateral humerus, distal to the greater tubercle
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| − | :'''Action''': Brace the shoulder, supporting flexion or extension.
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| − | :'''Clinical significance''': The bursa between the superficial tendon of the infraspinatus, and the lateral tubercle of the humerus can be the site of inflammation (bursitis).
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| − | | |
| − | ====='''Medial'''=====
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| − | | |
| − | '''''Supscapularis'''''
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| − | :'''Innervation''': Subscapular n. from the brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': Deep surface of the scapula
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Lesser tubercle of the humerus
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| − | :'''Action''': Braces medial shoulder joint. Primarily acts as an extensor of the shoulder, but can contribute to maintaining flecion.
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| − | | |
| − | '''''Coracobrachialis'''''
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| − | :'''Innervation''': Musculocutaneous n. of the brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': Coracoid process of scapula
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Proximal shaft of the humerus
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| − | :'''Action''': Fixator
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| − | | |
| − | ====='''Caudal (Flexors)'''=====
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| − | | |
| − | '''''Deltoid'''''
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| − | :'''Innervation''': Axillary n. of the brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': Caudal border and spine of the scapula. One head in the horse, compared with two in species with an acromion (site of second origin.
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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| − | :'''Action''': Flexes shoulder
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| − | :In the horse, the aponeurosis of the deltoid is partially fused to the ''infraspinatus''.
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| − | | |
| − | '''''Teres Major'''''
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| − | :'''Innervation''': Axillary n. of the brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': Dorsal part of the caudal scapula
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Teres major tuberosity midway down the humerus
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| − | :'''Action''': Flexes the shoulder, supports adduction.
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| − | | |
| − | '''''Teres Minor'''''
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| − | :'''Innervation''': Axillary n. of the brachial plexus
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| − | :'''Origin''': Distal third of scapula, deep to the deltoid
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| − | :'''Insertion''': Teres minor tuberosity midway down the humerus
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| − | :'''Action''': Flexes the shoulder
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| − | | |
| − | NB// There are no defined extensors of the shoulder. Those involved (brachiocephalic m., biceps brachii, supraspinatus, and ascending pectorals) have other, more primary roles.
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| − | | |
| − | ====Muscles of the Elbow====
| |
| | | | |
| | ====='''Extensors'''===== | | ====='''Extensors'''===== |