Changes

==Thoracic Limb==

==Thoracic Limb==

===Shoulder Joint===

===Shoulder Joint===

 

The shoulder joint is the articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.  In the horse, lateral and medial movements of this joint are impossible due to the shape of the humeral head; movement is therefore limited to flexion and extension. The joint is strengthened by  the medial and lateral '''glenohumeral ligaments'''. There is also an additional '''coracohumeral ligament''' between the supraglenoid tubercle and the greater tubercle of the humerus.

The joint capsule attaches a very short distance from the periphery of the articular surfaces. The '''intertubercular (bicipital) bursa''' lies between the humeral tubercles, cushioning the '''bicipital tendon'''. The bursa and tendon are held in place by the '''transverse humeral retinaculum''', running between the greater and lesser tubercles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humerus]].

In the horse, there is no sheath surrounding the bicipital tendon; instead there is an '''intertubercular bursa'''. This bursa lies between the humeral tubercles, cushioning the bicipital tendon, but does not communicate with the cavity of the shoulder joint. The bursa and tendon are held in place by the '''transverse humeral retinaculum''', running between the greater and lesser tubercles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|humerus]].

===Elbow Joint===

===Elbow Joint===