Changes

'''''Peroneus Tertius'''''

'''''Peroneus Tertius'''''

*'''Origin''': Extensor fossa of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]]

*'''Origin''': Extensor fossa of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]]

*'''Insertion''':  Dorsal insertion on the proximal region of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metatarsal]] (cannon) and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|third tarsal]] bones. Lateral insertion on the calcaneus and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|fourth tarsal]] bone

*'''Insertion''':  Dorsal insertion on the proximal region of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metatarsal]] (cannon) and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|third tarsal]] bones. Lateral insertion on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]] and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|fourth tarsal]] bone

*'''Action''': Passively flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|tarsus]]  when the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|stifle]]  is flexed

*'''Action''': Passively flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|tarsus]]  when the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|stifle]]  is flexed

The peroneus tertius is an entirely tendinous structure in the horse, forming an important component of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|'''reciprocal apparatus''']] . It acts to passively flex the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|tarsus]]  when the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|stifle]]  is flexed. The tendon forms a loop, through which the tendon of the tibialis cranialis passes. It then bifurcates at the level of the talus into dorsal and lateral branches. The dorsal branch passes deep to the cunean tendon to insert on the third metatarsal (cannon) and third tarsal bones.  The lateral branch extends distally, deep to the long digital extensor tendon and runs laterally distal to the lateral ridge of the trochlea of the talus. This lateral branch then bifurcates to insert on the calcaneus and fourth tarsal (splint) bone.  

The peroneus tertius is an entirely tendinous structure in the horse, forming an important component of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|'''reciprocal apparatus''']] . It acts to passively flex the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|tarsus]]  when the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|stifle]]  is flexed. The tendon forms a loop, through which the tendon of the tibialis cranialis passes. It then bifurcates at the level of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|talus]] into dorsal and lateral branches. The dorsal branch passes deep to the cunean tendon to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metatarsal]] (cannon) and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|third tarsal]] bones.  The lateral branch extends distally, deep to the long digital extensor tendon and runs laterally distal to the lateral ridge of the trochlea of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|talus]]. This lateral branch then bifurcates to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]] and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|fourth tarsal]] bone.  

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*'''Action''': Extends the digit, assists in extending the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|hock]]  and flexing the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|stifle]]  as part of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|reciprocal apparatus]]

*'''Action''': Extends the digit, assists in extending the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|hock]]  and flexing the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|stifle]]  as part of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|reciprocal apparatus]]

The superficial digital flexor tendon is a major component of the common calcaneal tendon, which forms part of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|reciprocal apparatus]]. The SDFT arises from the superficial digital flexor muscle in the proximal/mid-tibial region and passes around the gastrocnemius tendon caudally. At the point of the hock, the SDFT widens to form a cap over the calcanean tuberosity. The '''calcanean bursa''' is a synovial fluid-filled space formed between the calcanean tuberosity and the SDFT. Distal to the calcaneus, the SDFT continues as arranged in the thoracic limb to its point of insertion on the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]].  

The superficial digital flexor tendon is a major component of the common calcaneal tendon, which forms part of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|reciprocal apparatus]]. The SDFT arises from the superficial digital flexor muscle in the proximal/mid-tibial region and passes around the gastrocnemius tendon caudally. At the point of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|hock]], the SDFT widens to form a cap over the calcanean tuberosity. The '''calcanean bursa''' is a synovial fluid-filled space formed between the calcanean tuberosity and the SDFT. Distal to the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]], the SDFT continues as arranged in the thoracic limb to its point of insertion on the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]].  

In contrast to the thoracic limb, there is no accessory ligament of the SDFT in the pelvic limb.  

In contrast to the thoracic limb, there is no accessory ligament of the SDFT in the pelvic limb.  

*'''Action''': Flexes the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]]   

*'''Action''': Flexes the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]]   

The DDFT runs on the plantar aspect of the metatarsus distally, over the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]]  ('''navicular bone'''). Its passage over the navicular bone is facilitated by the synovial fluid-filled '''navicular bursa''' before inserting on the flexor cortex of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]].  

The DDFT runs on the plantar aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metatarsus]]  distally, over the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Sesamoid (Navicular) Bone|distal sesamoid]]  ('''navicular bone'''). Its passage over the navicular bone is facilitated by the synovial fluid-filled '''navicular bursa''' before inserting on the flexor cortex of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Distal Phalanx|distal phalanx]].  

The accessory ('''check''') ligament connects the DDFT to the third metatarsal. This forms part of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|'''stay apparatus''']] by removing tension from the main body of the DDFT.  

The accessory ('''check''') ligament connects the DDFT to the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metatarsal]] (cannon) bone. This forms part of the [[Stay Apparatus - Horse Anatomy#Pelvic Limb|'''stay apparatus''']] by removing tension from the main body of the DDFT.  

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*'''Action''': Prevents fetlock hyperextension and limits plantar flexion

*'''Action''': Prevents fetlock hyperextension and limits plantar flexion

Originating from the proximal aspect of the third metatarsal (cannon) and distal tarsal bones, the SL of the pelvic limb is relatively thinner and longer than that of the forelimb.  It lies within the metatarsal groove deep to the DDFT. Continuing distally it bifurcates into two '''extensor branches''', as in the thoracic limb, which insert on the '''proximal sesamoid bones'''. Identical to in the thoracic limb, medial and lateral branches then join the long digital extensor tendon.

Originating from the proximal aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metatarsal]] (cannon) and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|distal tarsal bones ]], the SL of the pelvic limb is relatively thinner and longer than that of the thoracic limb.  It lies within the metatarsal groove deep to the DDFT. Continuing distally it bifurcates into two '''extensor branches''', as in the thoracic limb, which insert on the '''proximal sesamoid bones'''. Identical to in the thoracic limb, medial and lateral branches then join the long digital extensor tendon.