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===Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint===

===Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint===

The fetlock joint is the articulation between the trochlea of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone), the proximal phalanx and the proximal sesamoid bones; it allows flexion and extension movements. The joint capsule is divided into a dorsal and palmar pouch.  The dorsal pouch extends between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the common digital extensor tendon.   The palmar pouch lies between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the suspensory ligament.  It has an extensive bursa under the common digital extensor tendon, continuing a quarter of the length up the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]].  This joint is associated with a pair of proximal sesamoid bones on the palmar surface. Between the sesamoids, in a groove, lies articular cartilage which articulates with the sagittal ridge of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. The joint capsule runs between all bones in the joint and  attaches to the articular cartilage of the sesamoids.

The fetlock joint is the articulation between the trochlea of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone), the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and the proximal sesamoid bones; it allows flexion and extension movements. The joint capsule is divided into a dorsal and palmar pouch.  The dorsal pouch extends between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]]. The palmar pouch lies between [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon bone) and the suspensory ligament.  It has an extensive bursa under the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]], continuing a quarter of the length up the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]].  This joint is associated with a pair of proximal sesamoid bones on the palmar surface. Between the sesamoids, in a groove, lies articular cartilage which articulates with the sagittal ridge of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]]. The joint capsule runs between all bones in the joint and  attaches to the articular cartilage of the sesamoids.

Ligamentous support:

Ligamentous support:

*'''Collateral ligaments''' bind the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|metacarpal bone]] to the proximal phalanx, with a deep branch attaching to the sesamoid bone.  

*'''Collateral ligaments''' bind the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|metacarpal bone]] to the proximal phalanx, with a deep branch attaching to the sesamoid bone.  

*'''Palmar/intersesamoidean ligament''' is a mass of fibrocartilage that embeds the sesamoid bones. The palmar aspect of it forms a groove for the deep flexor tendon to run in, allowing frictionless movement.

*'''Palmar/intersesamoidean ligament''' is a mass of fibrocartilage that embeds the sesamoid bones. The palmar aspect of it forms a groove for the deep flexor tendon to run in, allowing frictionless movement.

*'''Collateral sesamoid ligaments''' connect the outer aspect of the sesamoids to the proximal phalanx and there is a distinct branch that attaches to the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]].  

*'''Collateral sesamoid ligaments''' connect the outer aspect of the sesamoids to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and there is a distinct branch that attaches to the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]].  

*'''Distal sesamoid ligaments''' are a collection of ligaments that are very marked in the horse and connect the distal surface of the sesamoids to the palmar aspect of the[[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy|phalanx]]. These ligaments include the '''short ligaments''', '''cruciate ligaments''', '''oblique ligament''', '''straight ligament''' and the '''palmar annular ligament'''.  

*'''Distal sesamoid ligaments''' are a collection of ligaments that are very marked in the horse and connect the distal surface of the sesamoids to the palmar aspect of the[[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy|phalanx]]. These ligaments include the '''short ligaments''', '''cruciate ligaments''', '''oblique ligament''', '''straight ligament''' and the '''palmar annular ligament'''.  

** The '''short ligaments''' connect the axial base of the sesamoids to the lateral/medial aspect on the palmar margin of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]].  These are the deepest of the ligaments.  

** The '''short ligaments''' connect the axial base of the sesamoids to the lateral/medial aspect on the palmar margin of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]].  These are the deepest of the ligaments.  

** The '''oblique ligament''' is a triangular shaped ligament, the base of which attaches to the sesamoids and their interconnecting ligament and the point attaches to the rough palmar aspect of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]].  It is superficial to the cruciates.  

** The '''oblique ligament''' is a triangular shaped ligament, the base of which attaches to the sesamoids and their interconnecting ligament and the point attaches to the rough palmar aspect of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]].  It is superficial to the cruciates.  

** The '''straight ligament'''  proximally attaches like the oblique, but attaches as a flat band to the edge of the complementary fibrocartilage of the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]].

** The '''straight ligament'''  proximally attaches like the oblique, but attaches as a flat band to the edge of the complementary fibrocartilage of the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]].

** The '''palmar annular ligament''' wraps around the sesamoids, flexor tendons and their associated sheaths.

** The '''palmar annular ligament''' wraps around the sesamoids, [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]] and their associated sheaths.

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