Changes

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of temporal bone, nuchal crest, wing of atlas and the transverse processes of the 2nd-4th cervical vertebrae

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of temporal bone, nuchal crest, wing of atlas and the transverse processes of the 2nd-4th cervical vertebrae

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity and crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity and crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

:'''Action''': Advances the limb and extends the shoulder joint when limb is in motion. Draws the head and neck ventrally when the limb is fixed

:'''Action''': Advances the limb and extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]] joint when limb is in motion. Draws the head and neck ventrally when the limb is fixed

'''''Cleidomastoid'''''

'''''Cleidomastoid'''''

:'''Innervatation''': Accessory n. and Axillary n.

:'''Innervatation''': Accessory n. and Axillary n.

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal crest

:'''Origin''': Mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal crest

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity, crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] and fascia of the shoulder as the '''cleidobrachialis''' muscle

:'''Insertion''': Deltoid tuberosity, crest of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]] and fascia of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]]  as the '''cleidobrachialis''' muscle

:'''Action''': If acting bilaterally, it draws the head and neck down and backwards. If the acting with one shoulder fixed, it draws the head, upper arm fascia and neck to one side.  

:'''Action''': If acting bilaterally, it draws the head and neck down and backwards. If the acting with one [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]]  fixed, it draws the head, upper arm fascia and neck to one side.  

'''''Latissimus dorsi'''''  

'''''Latissimus dorsi'''''  

:'''Origin''': Thoracolumbar fascia

:'''Origin''': Thoracolumbar fascia

:'''Insertion''': Teres tuberosity of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

:'''Insertion''': Teres tuberosity of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]

:'''Action''': Antagonist to the brachiocephalic m. It retracts the free limb and flexes shoulder joint. It also draws the trunk forward over the fixed limb.

:'''Action''': Antagonist to the brachiocephalic m. It retracts the free limb and flexes [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]] joint. It also draws the trunk forward over the fixed limb.

'''''Superficial Pectorals'''''

'''''Superficial Pectorals'''''

:'''Origin''': Xiphoid and 4th costal cartilages of the sternum

:'''Origin''': Xiphoid and 4th costal cartilages of the sternum

:'''Insertion''': Two branches on the lesser and greater tubercles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]], supraglenoid tubercle of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

:'''Insertion''': Two branches on the lesser and greater tubercles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]], supraglenoid tubercle of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Scapula|scapula]]

:'''Action''':Draws the limb back, supports the trunk, moves the trunk cranially over an advanced limb and extends the shoulder.

:'''Action''':Draws the limb back, supports the trunk, moves the trunk cranially over an advanced limb and extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Shoulder Joint|shoulder]].