Changes

::Middle - Crural fascia, patella, lateral patellar ligament, cranial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]].  

::Middle - Crural fascia, patella, lateral patellar ligament, cranial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]].  

::Caudal - Radiates into the crural fascia and forms the '''tarsal tendon''. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

::Caudal - Radiates into the crural fascia and forms the '''tarsal tendon''. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

:'''Action''': Generally extends and abducts the limb.  The cranial (vertebral) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Stifle Joint|stifle]]. The caudal (pelvic) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]]  but flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Stifle Joint|stifle]]. It also helps extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] through its attachment via the '''tarsal tendon''' on the[[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

:'''Action''': Generally extends and abducts the limb.  The cranial (vertebral) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]. The caudal (pelvic) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]]  but flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]. It also helps extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] through its attachment via the '''tarsal tendon''' on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

'''''Semitendinosus'''''

'''''Semitendinosus'''''

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n.

:'''Origin''':  

:'''Origin''':  

:: Pelvic head - Ventral aspect of the ischial tuberosity

:: Pelvic head - Ventral aspect of the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischial tuberosity]]

:: Vertebral head - Spinous and transverse processes of the sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae, sacrotuberous ligament

:: Vertebral head - Spinous and transverse processes of the sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae, sacrotuberous ligament

:'''Insertion''': The reunited tendon fans out into the crural fascia and partially inserts onto the cranial aspect of the tibia. The remaining tendon joins the tarsal tendon of the ''biceps'' muscle to insert on the calcaneal tuberosity.  

:'''Insertion''': The reunited tendon fans out into the crural fascia and partially inserts onto the cranial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]]. The remaining tendon joins the tarsal tendon of the ''biceps'' muscle to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneal tuberosity]].

:'''Action''': Extends the hip, stifle and tarsus during weightbearing causing propulsion. When the limb is non-weightbearing, it flexes the stifle, rotates the leg outwards and moves it backwards.  

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]], [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] during weightbearing causing propulsion. When the limb is non-weightbearing, it flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]], rotates the leg outwards and moves it backwards.  

'''''Semimembranosus'''''

'''''Semimembranosus'''''

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n., Tibial n.

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n., Tibial n.

:'''Origin''':  

:'''Origin''':  

::Pelvic Head - Ventral aspect of the ischial tuberosity

::Pelvic Head - Ventral aspect of the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischial tuberosity]]

::Vertebral head - Sacrotuberous ligament, 1st caudal vertebra

::Vertebral head - Sacrotuberous ligament, 1st caudal vertebra

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies of the muscle unite to insert at three places; the medial femoral condyle via a short tendon, the medial collateral ligament of the femerotibial joint and to the medial condyle of the tibia via an aponeurosis.  

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies of the muscle unite to insert at three places; the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|medial femoral condyle]], via a short tendon, the medial collateral ligament of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Femorotibial Joint|femorotibial joint]]  and to the medial condyle of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]], via an aponeurosis.  

:'''Action''': Extends the hop and stifle during weightbearing, facillitating propulsion. When non-weightbearing, adducts and retracts the limb.

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] during weightbearing, facillitating propulsion. When non-weightbearing, adducts and retracts the limb.

'''''Sartorius'''''

'''''Sartorius'''''

:'''Innervation''': Femoral n.

:'''Innervation''': Femoral n.

:'''Origin''': Iliac fascia and tendon of the ''psoas minor'' muscle

:'''Origin''': Iliac fascia and tendon of the ''psoas minor'' muscle

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the medial patellar ligament and crural fascia to insert on the tibial tuberosity

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the medial patellar ligament and crural fascia to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibial tuberosity]]

:'''Action''': Flexes thte hip, advances and adducts the limb. Its union with the fascia crural fascia and fascia of the stifle allos it to also extend the stifle.

:'''Action''': Flexes the hip, advances and adducts the limb. Its union with the fascia crural fascia and fascia of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]  allows it to also extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]].

'''''Gracilis'''''

'''''Gracilis'''''

: Extensive sheet of muscle covering the caudal aspect of the medial thigh

: Extensive sheet of muscle covering the caudal aspect of the medial thigh

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Origin''': Accesspry ligament of the femoral head

:'''Origin''': Accesspry ligament of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femoral head]]

:'''Insertion''': Merges with the crural fascia via an aponeurosis to insert on the tibial crest

:'''Insertion''': Merges with the crural fascia via an aponeurosis to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibial crest]]

:'''Action''': Adducts the limb, can also move the rump sideways if the foot is on the ground. Aids extension of the stifle.

:'''Action''': Adducts the limb, can also move the rump sideways if the foot is on the ground. Aids extension of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]].

'''''Adductor Muscles'''''

'''''Adductor Muscles'''''

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Origin''': Ventral surface of the pelvis and apaneurosis of the ''gracillis'' muscle

:'''Origin''': Ventral surface of the pelvis and apaneurosis of the ''gracillis'' muscle

:'''Insertion''': Entire medial aspect of the femur, from the lesser trochanter to the medial condyles, and the medial collateral stifle ligament.

:'''Insertion''': Entire medial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]], from the lesser trochanter to the medial condyles, and the medial collateral stifle ligament.

:'''Action''': Adduct the limb, can also retract the limb and move the rump forward and sideways

:'''Action''': Adduct the limb, can also retract the limb and move the rump forward and sideways