Changes

=='''Extensors'''==

=='''Extensors'''==

The craniolateral position on the forearm, almost all originate from the lateral epicondyle of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]. All innervated by the radial n. from the brachial plexus.

The craniolateral position on the forearm, almost all originate from the lateral epicondyle of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]. All innervated by the radial n. from the brachial plexus.

'''''Extensor carpi radialis'''''

'''''Extensor carpi radialis'''''

:The most medial

:The most medial

::'''Insertion''': Metacarpal tuberosity of the proximal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon) bone. Uniquely in the horse, the lacertus fibrosus (detachment of the ''biceps brachii'') joins this muscle prior to its insertion.  

::'''Insertion''': Metacarpal tuberosity of the proximal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|third metacarpal]] (cannon) bone. Uniquely in the horse, the lacertus fibrosus (detachment of the ''biceps brachii'') joins this muscle prior to its insertion.  

::'''Action''': Extends and fixes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]], flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Elbow Joint|elbow]]

::'''Action''': Extends and fixes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]], flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Elbow Joint|elbow]]

'''''Extensor carpi obliquus''''' (aka '''''abductor pollicis longus''''')

'''''Extensor carpi obliquus''''' (aka '''''abductor pollicis longus''''')

:'''Origin''': Cranial [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]

:'''Origin''': Cranial [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]]

:'''Insertion''': Head of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|second metacarpal]] (medial splint) bone

:'''Insertion''': Head of [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|second metacarpal]] (medial splint) bone

   

   

'''''Common Digital Extensor'''''

'''''Common Digital Extensor'''''

=='''Flexors'''==

=='''Flexors'''==

Caudal position on the forearm, originate from the caudal medial epicondyle of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]. All innervated by the median or ulnar n. of the brachial plexus.

Caudal position on the forearm, originate from the caudal medial epicondyle of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Humerus|humerus]]. All innervated by the median or ulnar n. of the brachial plexus.

'''''Flexor carpi radialis'''''

'''''Flexor carpi radialis'''''

:The most medial, inserts on the proximal part of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|second metatarsal]] (medial splint)bone

:The most medial, inserts on the proximal part of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|second metatarsal]] (medial splint)bone

'''''Flexor carpi ulnaris'''''  

'''''Flexor carpi ulnaris'''''  

:The most lateral, inserts on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|accessory carpal bone]].

:The most lateral, inserts on the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|accessory carpal bone]].

'''''Ulnaris lateralis'''''

'''''Ulnaris lateralis'''''

:The most caudolateral

:The most caudolateral

:'''Insertion''': [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|accessory carpal bone]] and the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|fourth metatarsal]] (lateral splint) bone.

:'''Insertion''': [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|accessory carpal bone]] and the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|fourth metatarsal]] (lateral splint) bone.

:'''Action''': Flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]] rather than extends it, due to its insertion caudal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpal joint]]  axis.  

:'''Action''': Flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus]] rather than extends it, due to its insertion caudal to the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpal joint]]  axis.