Changes

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Caudal gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Gluteal fascia

:'''Origin''': Gluteal fascia

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the ''tensor fascia lata'', passing over the greater trochanter and attaching on the third trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] with radiations to the femoral fascia.  A synovial bursa exists between the tendinous insertion and the third trochanter.  

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the ''tensor fascia lata'', passing over the greater trochanter and attaching on the third trochanter of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] with radiations to the femoral fascia.  A synovial bursa exists between the tendinous insertion and the third trochanter.  

:'''Action''': Extends the hip, retracts the limb and supports outward rotation

:'''Action''': Extends the hip, retracts the limb and supports outward rotation

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Lateral [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|ilium]]

:'''Origin''': Lateral [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|ilium]]

:'''Insertion''': Greater trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]]  

:'''Insertion''': Greater trochanter of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]]  

:'''Action''': Supports the middle gluteal to abduct the limb

:'''Action''': Supports the middle gluteal to abduct the limb

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Last sacral vertebra, sacrotuberous ligament

:'''Origin''': Last sacral vertebra, sacrotuberous ligament

:'''Insertion''': Passes over the greater trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] to insert via a seperate tendon to that of the middle gluteal on the caudal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]].

:'''Insertion''': Passes over the greater trochanter of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] to insert via a seperate tendon to that of the middle gluteal on the caudal [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]].

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and abducts the limb

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and abducts the limb

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Innervation''': Cranial gluteal n.

:'''Origin''': Tuber coxae, extending distally on the cranial border of the ''quadriceps'' muscle

:'''Origin''': Tuber coxae, extending distally on the cranial border of the ''quadriceps'' muscle

:'''Insertion''': Combines with the fascia lata and so indirectly attaches to the patella, lateral patellar ligament and cranial border of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]]. A caudodorsal detachment joins the superficial gluteal and so attaches to the greater trochanter of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]].

:'''Insertion''': Combines with the fascia lata and so indirectly attaches to the patella, lateral patellar ligament and cranial border of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]]. A caudodorsal detachment joins the superficial gluteal and so attaches to the greater trochanter of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]].

:'''Action''' Tenses the fascia lata, indirectly flexing the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and extending the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Stifle Joint|stifle]]. Advances the limb during the swing phase of the stride.  

:'''Action''' Tenses the fascia lata, indirectly flexing the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and extending the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Stifle Joint|stifle]]. Advances the limb during the swing phase of the stride.  

::Caudal: [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|Ischial tuberosity]]  

::Caudal: [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|Ischial tuberosity]]  

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies then unite and redivide into three parts that form an extensive aponeurosis.

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies then unite and redivide into three parts that form an extensive aponeurosis.

::Cranial - Just distal to the third trochanter on the lateral aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]], patella, patellar ligament

::Cranial - Just distal to the third trochanter on the lateral aspect of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]], patella, patellar ligament

::Middle - Crural fascia, patella, lateral patellar ligament, cranial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]].  

::Middle - Crural fascia, patella, lateral patellar ligament, cranial aspect of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]].  

::Caudal - Radiates into the crural fascia and forms the '''tarsal tendon''. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

::Caudal - Radiates into the crural fascia and forms the '''tarsal tendon''. This combines with the detachment from the semitendinous inserts on the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

:'''Action''': Generally extends and abducts the limb.  The cranial (vertebral) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]. The caudal (pelvic) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]]  but flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]. It also helps extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] through its attachment via the '''tarsal tendon''' on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

:'''Action''': Generally extends and abducts the limb.  The cranial (vertebral) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]. The caudal (pelvic) part extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]]  but flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]. It also helps extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] through its attachment via the '''tarsal tendon''' on the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneus]].

'''''Semitendinosus'''''

'''''Semitendinosus'''''

:: Pelvic head - Ventral aspect of the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischial tuberosity]]  

:: Pelvic head - Ventral aspect of the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischial tuberosity]]  

:: Vertebral head - Spinous and transverse processes of the sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae, sacrotuberous ligament

:: Vertebral head - Spinous and transverse processes of the sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae, sacrotuberous ligament

:'''Insertion''': The reunited tendon fans out into the crural fascia and partially inserts onto the cranial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]]. The remaining tendon joins the tarsal tendon of the ''biceps'' muscle to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneal tuberosity]].

:'''Insertion''': The reunited tendon fans out into the crural fascia and partially inserts onto the cranial aspect of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]]. The remaining tendon joins the tarsal tendon of the ''biceps'' muscle to insert on the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Bones|calcaneal tuberosity]].

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]], [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] during weightbearing causing propulsion. When the limb is non-weightbearing, it flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]], rotates the leg outwards and moves it backwards.  

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]], [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Tarsal Joint|tarsus]] during weightbearing causing propulsion. When the limb is non-weightbearing, it flexes the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]], rotates the leg outwards and moves it backwards.  

::Pelvic Head - Ventral aspect of the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischial tuberosity]]

::Pelvic Head - Ventral aspect of the [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|ischial tuberosity]]

::Vertebral head - Sacrotuberous ligament, 1st caudal vertebra

::Vertebral head - Sacrotuberous ligament, 1st caudal vertebra

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies of the muscle unite to insert at three places; the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|medial femoral condyle]], via a short tendon, the medial collateral ligament of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Femorotibial Joint|femorotibial joint]]  and to the medial condyle of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]], via an aponeurosis.  

:'''Insertion''': The two bellies of the muscle unite to insert at three places; the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|medial femoral condyle]], via a short tendon, the medial collateral ligament of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Femorotibial Joint|femorotibial joint]]  and to the medial condyle of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]], via an aponeurosis.  

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] during weightbearing, facillitating propulsion. When non-weightbearing, adducts and retracts the limb.

:'''Action''': Extends the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Coxafemoral/Hip Joint|hip]] and [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] during weightbearing, facillitating propulsion. When non-weightbearing, adducts and retracts the limb.

:'''Innervation''': Femoral n.

:'''Innervation''': Femoral n.

:'''Origin''': Iliac fascia and tendon of the ''psoas minor'' muscle

:'''Origin''': Iliac fascia and tendon of the ''psoas minor'' muscle

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the medial patellar ligament and crural fascia to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibial tuberosity]]  

:'''Insertion''': Unites with the medial patellar ligament and crural fascia to insert on the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibial tuberosity]]  

:'''Action''': Flexes the hip, advances and adducts the limb. Its union with the fascia crural fascia and fascia of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]  allows it to also extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]].

:'''Action''': Flexes the hip, advances and adducts the limb. Its union with the fascia crural fascia and fascia of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]]  allows it to also extend the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]].

: Extensive sheet of muscle covering the caudal aspect of the medial thigh

: Extensive sheet of muscle covering the caudal aspect of the medial thigh

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Origin''': Accesspry ligament of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femoral head]]  

:'''Origin''': Accesspry ligament of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femoral head]]  

:'''Insertion''': Merges with the crural fascia via an aponeurosis to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibial crest]]  

:'''Insertion''': Merges with the crural fascia via an aponeurosis to insert on the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibial crest]]  

:'''Action''': Adducts the limb, can also move the rump sideways if the foot is on the ground. Aids extension of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]].

:'''Action''': Adducts the limb, can also move the rump sideways if the foot is on the ground. Aids extension of the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]].

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Innervation''': Obturator n.

:'''Origin''': Ventral surface of the pelvis and apaneurosis of the ''gracillis'' muscle

:'''Origin''': Ventral surface of the pelvis and apaneurosis of the ''gracillis'' muscle

:'''Insertion''': Entire medial aspect of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]], from the lesser trochanter to the medial condyles, and the medial collateral stifle ligament.

:'''Insertion''': Entire medial aspect of the [[Limb Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]], from the lesser trochanter to the medial condyles, and the medial collateral stifle ligament.

:'''Action''': Adduct the limb, can also retract the limb and move the rump forward and sideways

:'''Action''': Adduct the limb, can also retract the limb and move the rump forward and sideways

[[Category:To Do - AP Review]]

[[Category:To Do - AP Review]]