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Equine Nervous System - Horse Anatomy (view source)
Revision as of 09:19, 22 November 2012
, 09:19, 22 November 2012→Venous Sinuses
====Venous Sinuses====
====Venous Sinuses====
Venous sinuses drain the brain, meninges, and surrounding bone as well as participate in cerebrospinal fluid resorption; they are arranged into two systems. The dorsal system is within the dura
Venous sinuses drain the brain, meninges, and surrounding bone as well as participate in cerebrospinal fluid resorption; they are arranged into two systems. The dorsal system is within the dura
mater of the cranium and drains the cerebral cortex, the cortex of the cerebellum, the deeper telencephalon, part of the diencephalon, and the tectum of the midbrain. The ventral (basilar) system lies on the floor of the cranial vault and drains the brainstem. The dorsal and ventral systems have minimal connection between them, but each communicates with the extracranial venous system. The dorsal system begins where several dorsal cerebral veins converge in the area of the '''crista galli''' of the '''cribriform plate'''. The '''dorsal sagittal sinus''' arises from this convergence and runs caudally along the dorsal midline; surrounded by the falx cerebri as it lies against the skill bones. Along its course, it receives '''cerebral veins''', '''meningeal veins''', and '''diploic veins''' from the skull.
mater of the cranium and drains the cerebral cortex, the cortex of the cerebellum, the deeper telencephalon, part of the diencephalon, and the tectum of the midbrain. The ventral (basilar) system lies on the floor of the cranial vault and drains the brainstem. The dorsal and ventral systems have minimal connection between them, but each communicates with the extracranial venous system. The dorsal system begins where several dorsal cerebral veins converge in the area of the '''crista galli''' of the '''cribriform plate'''.
The '''dorsal sagittal sinus''' arises from this convergence and runs caudally along the dorsal midline; surrounded by the falx cerebri as it lies against the skill bones. Along its course, it receives '''cerebral veins''', '''meningeal veins''', and '''diploic veins''' from the skull.
The dorsal sagittal sinus of the horse, is incompletely divided by a septum and bifurcates rostral to the '''osseous tentorium'''. Just before reaching the osseous tentorium, the dorsal sagittal sinus
The dorsal sagittal sinus of the horse, is incompletely divided by a septum and bifurcates rostral to the '''osseous tentorium'''. Just before reaching the osseous tentorium, the dorsal sagittal sinus
receives a single sinus that drains the '''medial cortex''', '''corpus callosum, '''basal ganglia''', and part of the '''diencephalon'''. The '''transverse sinuses''' run ventrally from the '''osseous tentorium''' to the '''retroarticular foramen''', where they exit to join the '''extracranial venous system'''. The transverse sinuses receive the '''dorsal petrosal sinuses''', which mainly drain the '''rhinencephalon'''. They also receive veins from the caudal cerebrum, dorsal midbrain and the meninges. The transverse sinuses are connected via the '''communicating sinus''' without directly joining to the dorsal saggital sinus in the horse.
receives a single sinus that drains the '''medial cortex''', '''corpus callosum, '''basal ganglia''', and part of the '''diencephalon'''. The '''transverse sinuses''' run ventrally from the '''osseous tentorium''' to the '''retroarticular foramen''', where they exit to join the '''extracranial venous system'''. The transverse sinuses receive the '''dorsal petrosal sinuses''', which mainly drain the '''rhinencephalon'''. They also receive veins from the caudal cerebrum, dorsal midbrain and the meninges. The transverse sinuses are connected via the '''communicating sinus''' without directly joining to the dorsal saggital sinus in the horse.
The '''ventral sinus system''' contains the '''cavernous sinuses''', '''basilar sinus''', and '''ventral petrosal sinus'''. The cavernous sinuses lie on either side of the pituitary gland on the floor of the cranial vault. They are joined across the midline by the cranial and caudal intercavernous sinuses to encircle the pituitary. This circle of sinuses around the pituitary has connections through the '''orbital fissure''', the '''optic foramen''', and the '''oval foramen''' to peripheral veins. The internal carotid artery lies within this sinus system in the horse. Caudally, the cavernous system
communicates with the '''basilar sinus''', which lies on the floor of the occipital bone, and the '''ventral petrosal sinus''', which lies within the dura mater in the caudal part of the cranial vault. The
'''ventral petrosal sinus''' exits the '''foramen lacerum''' or '''jugular foramen''' to become continuous with the '''jugular vein'''.
===Spinal Cord===
===Spinal Cord===