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Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Feline Cardiomyopathies (view source)
Revision as of 16:40, 2 December 2012
, 16:40, 2 December 2012→Pulmonary Venous Inflow
The E/A ratio is an index used to estimate diastolic function, an E/A >2 confirms a restrictive filling pattern and diastolic dysfunction.
The E/A ratio is an index used to estimate diastolic function, an E/A >2 confirms a restrictive filling pattern and diastolic dysfunction.
=====Pulmonary Venous Inflow=====
=====Pulmonary Venous Flow=====
This is also useful to evaluate diastolic function; particularly when there is summation of the mitral E and A waves.
* During atrial systole (after the P wave of the ECG), blood flows retrograde from the left atrium to the plmonary vein. This produces the '''atrial reversal (Ar) wave'''.
* This is followed by the '''S wave''', which indicates atrial blood flow during ventricular systole (between the QRS complex and the T wave). If the heart rate is slow enough, two waves may be observed: an '''early S wave (S1)''', which represents atrial relaxation, and the main S wave '''(late S wave or S2)'''.
* During ventricular diastole, when the mitral valve is open, the left atrium allows pulmonary venous flow to reach the left ventricle, producing the '''D wave'''.
Evidence of restrictive filling pattern includes:
* Low S wave velocity
* High D wave velocity with rapid deceleration
* Ar wave velocity may be increased with adequate left atrial function, or reduced with severe atrial dysfunction.
* If the Ar wave duration exceeds the mitral A wave duration, this is evidence of increased left sided filling pressure.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==