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| **Antibiotic treatment and topical iodophore shampoo | | **Antibiotic treatment and topical iodophore shampoo |
| *May cause [[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|myositis]] | | *May cause [[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|myositis]] |
− | *In [[Bacterial skin infections#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] | + | *Involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] |
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| + | ===''Corynebacterium renale''=== |
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| + | *''C. renale, C. pilosum, C. cystitidis'' |
| + | *Found in the vulva, vagina and prepuce of normal cattle |
| + | *Bovine pyelonephritis |
| + | **Stress of parturition and short urethra predisposes cows to urinary tract infection |
| + | **Cystitis especially with ''C. cystitidis |
| + | **Ascending infection from bladder through ureters causes pyelonephritis |
| + | **Fever, anoexia, decreased milk production |
| + | **Restlessness; kicking of abdomen indicate renal pain |
| + | **Dysurea, arched back, bloody urine |
| + | **Chronic infection causes extensive renal damage |
| + | **Enlarged ureters and kidneys palpated per rectum |
| + | **Culture from urine; protein and red blood cells in urine |
| + | **Antibiotics e.g. penicillin for at least three weeks |
| + | *Ulcedrative balanoposthitis (pizzle rot): |
| + | **Common in Merino sheep and Angora goats |
| + | **Ulceration around prepucial orifice with brown crust, and occasionally on vulva of ewes |
| + | **Bacteria hydrolyse urea to ammonia which causes mucosal irritation and ulceration |
| + | **High urine urea level, from high protein intake may predispose to condition |
| + | **High oestrogen levels in pastures also predisposes |
| + | **Castration and heavy wool aroung the prepuce are risk factors |
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